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# Linux
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Linux is a Unix-like almost libre kernel created in 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Famously he announced it on [Usenet](usenet.md)
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where he just called it "a side project" and not something "professional". After being released, Linux grew quickly and became
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the defacto kernel of the GNU project, as [Hurd](hurd.md) wasn't ready yet and 386BSD couldn't be released earlier due to legal
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issues regarding its source code. Linux wasn't affected by this because it was an independent, clean room implementation of Unix
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(similar to Minix, the system Linus took inspiration from).
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Unlike the [BSDs](bsd.md), Linux is not a full operating systems on its own so it is coupled with userland tools, most commonly
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[GNU](gnu.md) or [Busybox](busybox.md) to form a fully functional operating system. This is also the origin of whether to call it GNU/Linux or just Linux
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(but it wouldn't apply to non-GNU distros like Alpine).
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Being Linux a monolithic kernel, this made it prone to bloat and indeed it got bloated, with device drivers having the most
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lines of code in the entire kernel source tree. Since these drivers run on ring 0, it adds a huge attack surface, including
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the fact that a failing driver can crash the whole system and almost 400 [syscalls](syscalls.md) for each architecture.
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By default and being strict, Linux is not fully free as it contains binary blobs (a form obfuscated proprietary software)
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for device drivers. Projects like [Linux-libre](https://www.fsfla.org/ikiwiki/selibre/linux-libre/) remove such blobs, making Linux fully free software.
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Another issue is the forced inclusion of [Rust](rust.md) into the kernel (but as of writing this, 2025, it appears to be failing) and subsequently
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the forced removal of seasoned kernel developers in basis of them being "old" and "refusing" to learn Rust. [SystemD](systemd.md) is another
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issue on its own, pushed by Red Hat and other tech corporations.
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A tarball with the source of the first version, 0.01 can be found here: <https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/Historic/>.
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## See Also
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- [BSD](bsd.md)
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- [Unix](unix.md)
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- [Bloat](bloat.md)
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