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# Pipe # Pipe
A pipe is an unidirectional IPC mechanism used first in the [Unix](unix.md) operating system, used to connect one A pipe is an unidirectional IPC mechanism used first in the [Unix](unix.md) operating system, used to connect one
or multiple processes (then forming a pipeline). Pipes are a central concept in Unix-like operating systems as it or multiple processes together (then forming a pipeline). Pipes are a central concept in Unix-like operating systems as it
allows the composition of multiple programs results without using temporary files. allows the composition of multiple programs results without using temporary files.
In a shell a pipeline is constructed using the `|` character which by default redirect the process stdout In a shell a pipeline is constructed using the `|` character which by default redirect the process stdout
output to the stdin of the process at the right of the pipe. output to the stdin of the process at the right of the pipe.
```sh ```sh
A | B | C | D cmdA | cmdB | cmdC | cmdD
``` ```
## Named pipes ## Named pipes
A named pipe also known as a FIFO, is a pipe that is represented as a file on a disk having similar semantics A named pipe also known as a FIFO, is a pipe that is represented as a file on a disk having similar semantics
to a regular file. to a regular file.
```sh ```sh
mkfifo foo mkfifo foo # create named pipe
cat foo & cat foo & # will block until something is written to it
echo 'test' > foo echo 'test' > foo # send data through the pipe
``` ```