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MarcoFalke 27cfaeed1e
Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#24098: rest: Use query parameters to control resource loading
54b39cfb34 Add release notes (stickies-v)
f959fc0397 Update /<count>/ endpoints to use a '?count=' query parameter instead (stickies-v)
a09497614e Add GetQueryParameter helper function (stickies-v)
fff771ee86 Handle query string when parsing data format (stickies-v)
c1aad1b3b9 scripted-diff: rename RetFormat to RESTResponseFormat (stickies-v)
9f1c54787c Refactoring: move declarations to rest.h (stickies-v)

Pull request description:

  In RESTful APIs, [typically](https://rapidapi.com/blog/api-glossary/parameters/query/) path parameters  (e.g. `/some/unique/resource/`) are used to represent resources, and query parameters (e.g. `?sort=asc`) are used to control how these resources are being loaded through e.g. sorting, pagination, filtering, ...

  As first [discussed in #17631](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/17631#discussion_r733031180), the [current REST api](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/doc/REST-interface.md) contains two endpoints `/headers/` and `/blockfilterheaders/` that rather unexpectedly use path parameters to control how many (filter) headers are returned in the response. While this is no critical issue, it is unintuitive and we are still early enough to easily phase this behaviour out and ensure new endpoints (if any) do not have to stick to non-standard behaviour just for internal consistency.

  In this PR, a new `HTTPRequest::GetQueryParameter` method is introduced to easily parse query parameters, as well as two new `/headers/` and `/blockfilterheaders/` endpoints that use a count query parameter are introduced. The old path parameter-based endpoints are kept without too much overhead, but the documentation now points to the new query parameter-based endpoints as the default interface to encourage standardness.

  ## Behaviour change
  ### New endpoints and default values
  `/headers/` and `/blockfilterheaders/` now have 2 new endpoints that contain query parameters (`?count=<count>`) instead of path parameters (`/<count>/`), as described in REST-interface.md. Since query parameters can easily have default values, I have set this at 5 for both endpoints.

  **headers**
  `GET /rest/headers/<BLOCK-HASH>.<bin|hex|json>?count=<COUNT=5>`
  should now be used instead of
  `GET /rest/headers/<COUNT>/<BLOCK-HASH>.<bin|hex|json>`

  **blockfilterheaders**
  `GET /rest/blockfilterheaders/<FILTERTYPE>/<BLOCK-HASH>.<bin|hex|json>?count=<COUNT=5>`
  should now be used instead of
  `GET /rest/blockfilterheaders/<FILTERTYPE>/<COUNT>/<BLOCK-HASH>.<bin|hex|json>`

  ### Some previously invalid API calls are now valid
  API calls that contained query strings in the URI could not be parsed prior to this PR. This PR changes behaviour in that previously invalid calls (e.g. `GET /rest/headers/5/somehash.json?someunusedparam=foo`) would now become valid, as the query parameters are properly parsed, and discarded if unused.
  For example, prior to this PR, adding an irrelevant `someparam` parameter would be illegal:
  ```
  GET /rest/headers/5/0000004c6aad0c89c1c060e8e116dcd849e0554935cd78ff9c6a398abeac6eda.json?someparam=true
  ->
  Invalid hash: 0000004c6aad0c89c1c060e8e116dcd849e0554935cd78ff9c6a398abeac6eda.json?someparam=true
  ```
  **This behaviour change affects all rest endpoints, not just the 2 new ones introduced here.**

  *(Note: I'd be open to implementing additional logic to refuse requests containing unrecognized query parameters to minimize behaviour change, but for the endpoints that we currently have I don't really see the point for that added complexity. E.g. I don't see any scenarios where misspelling a parameter could lead to harmful outcomes)*

  ## Using the REST API

  To run the API HTTP server, start a bitcoind instance with the `-rest` flag enabled. To use the
  `blockfilterheaders` endpoint, you'll also need to set `-blockfilterindex=1`:
  ```
  ./bitcoind -signet -rest -blockfilterindex=1
  ```

  As soon as bitcoind is fully up and running, you should be able to query the API, for example by
  using curl on the command line: ```curl "127.0.0.1:38332/rest/chaininfo.json"```.
  To more easily parse the JSON output, you can also use tools like 'jq' or `json_pp`, e.g.:
  ```
  curl -s "localhost:38332/rest/blockfilterheaders/basic/0000004c6aad0c89c1c060e8e116dcd849e0554935cd78ff9c6a398abeac6eda.json?count=2" | json_pp .
  ```

  ## To do
  - [x] update `doc/release-notes`

  ## Feedback
  This is my first PR (hooray!). Please don't hold back on any feedback/comments/nits/... you may have, big or small, whether they are code, process, language, ... related. I welcome private messages too if there's anything you don't want to clutter the PR with. I'm here to learn and am grateful for everyone's input.

ACKs for top commit:
  stickies-v:
    I've had to push a tiny doc update to `REST-interface.md` (`git range-diff 219d728 9aac438 54b39cf`) since this was not merged for v23, but since there are no significant changes beyond theStack and jnewbery's ACKs I think this PR is now ready to be considered for merging? @MarcoFalke
  jnewbery:
    ACK 54b39cfb34
  theStack:
    re-ACK 54b39cfb34

Tree-SHA512: 3b393ffde34f25605ca12c0b1300799a19684b816a1d03aed38b0f5439df47bfe6a589ffbcd7b83fd2def6c9d00a1bae5e45b1d18df4ae998c617c709990f83f
2022-04-06 09:25:56 +02:00
.github doc: Remove label from good first issue template 2020-08-24 09:31:24 +02:00
.tx qt: Update transifex resource blob to 23.0 2022-02-03 13:18:28 +01:00
build-aux/m4 build: stop overriding user CXXFLAGS 2022-04-03 19:36:17 +01:00
build_msvc build: Do not modify common.init.vcxproj directly 2022-04-05 19:06:03 +02:00
ci Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#24236: Remove utxo db upgrade code 2022-04-05 15:38:14 +02:00
contrib Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#24735: ci: use DWARF-4 for Valgrind jobs 2022-04-04 12:03:38 +02:00
depends build: specify cmake build dir for multiprocess depends build 2022-04-04 10:24:06 +01:00
doc Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#24098: rest: Use query parameters to control resource loading 2022-04-06 09:25:56 +02:00
share build: Fix make deploy for Windows when building out of source tree 2022-02-06 13:34:49 +02:00
src Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#24098: rest: Use query parameters to control resource loading 2022-04-06 09:25:56 +02:00
test Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#24098: rest: Use query parameters to control resource loading 2022-04-06 09:25:56 +02:00
.cirrus.yml build, qt: bump Qt5 version to 5.15.3 2022-04-01 16:54:38 +02:00
.editorconfig ci: Drop AppVeyor CI integration 2021-09-07 06:12:53 +03:00
.gitattributes Separate protocol versioning from clientversion 2014-10-29 00:24:40 -04:00
.gitignore add ci/scratch dir to gitignore 2022-03-18 14:47:17 +01:00
.python-version Bump minimum python version to 3.6 2020-11-09 17:53:47 +10:00
.style.yapf test: .style.yapf: Set column_limit=160 2019-03-04 18:28:13 -05:00
autogen.sh scripted-diff: Bump copyright of files changed in 2019 2019-12-30 10:42:20 +13:00
configure.ac Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#24391: build: stop overriding user autoconf flags 2022-04-05 09:33:58 +01:00
CONTRIBUTING.md doc: Add guix prefix for changes to reproducible builds 2022-03-09 11:35:17 +01:00
COPYING doc: Update license year range to 2022 2022-01-03 04:48:41 +08:00
INSTALL.md doc: Added hyperlink for doc/build 2021-09-09 19:53:12 +05:30
libbitcoinconsensus.pc.in build: remove libcrypto as internal dependency in libbitcoinconsensus.pc 2019-11-19 15:03:44 +01:00
Makefile.am macdeploy: remove unused detached-sig-apply 2022-03-17 12:38:36 +00:00
README.md doc: Rework internal and external links 2021-02-17 09:18:46 +01:00
REVIEWERS doc: update maintainer list in REVIEWERS 2022-02-25 11:46:26 +00:00
SECURITY.md doc: Suggest keys.openpgp.org as keyserver in SECURITY.md 2021-11-08 12:22:04 +01:00

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