diff --git a/src/net.cpp b/src/net.cpp
index bd3ba3f6f8..3955005dfa 100644
--- a/src/net.cpp
+++ b/src/net.cpp
@@ -1109,12 +1109,29 @@ void V2Transport::ProcessReceivedMaybeV1Bytes() noexcept
     }
 }
 
-void V2Transport::ProcessReceivedKeyBytes() noexcept
+bool V2Transport::ProcessReceivedKeyBytes() noexcept
 {
     AssertLockHeld(m_recv_mutex);
     AssertLockNotHeld(m_send_mutex);
     Assume(m_recv_state == RecvState::KEY);
     Assume(m_recv_buffer.size() <= EllSwiftPubKey::size());
+
+    // As a special exception, if bytes 4-16 of the key on a responder connection match the
+    // corresponding bytes of a V1 version message, but bytes 0-4 don't match the network magic
+    // (if they did, we'd have switched to V1 state already), assume this is a peer from
+    // another network, and disconnect them. They will almost certainly disconnect us too when
+    // they receive our uniformly random key and garbage, but detecting this case specially
+    // means we can log it.
+    static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, 12> MATCH = {'v', 'e', 'r', 's', 'i', 'o', 'n', 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+    static constexpr size_t OFFSET = sizeof(CMessageHeader::MessageStartChars);
+    if (!m_initiating && m_recv_buffer.size() >= OFFSET + MATCH.size()) {
+        if (std::equal(MATCH.begin(), MATCH.end(), m_recv_buffer.begin() + OFFSET)) {
+            LogPrint(BCLog::NET, "V2 transport error: V1 peer with wrong MessageStart %s\n",
+                     HexStr(Span(m_recv_buffer).first(OFFSET)));
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
     if (m_recv_buffer.size() == EllSwiftPubKey::size()) {
         // Other side's key has been fully received, and can now be Diffie-Hellman combined with
         // our key to initialize the encryption ciphers.
@@ -1157,6 +1174,7 @@ void V2Transport::ProcessReceivedKeyBytes() noexcept
     } else {
         // We still have to receive more key bytes.
     }
+    return true;
 }
 
 bool V2Transport::ProcessReceivedGarbageBytes() noexcept
@@ -1378,7 +1396,7 @@ bool V2Transport::ReceivedBytes(Span<const uint8_t>& msg_bytes) noexcept
             break;
 
         case RecvState::KEY:
-            ProcessReceivedKeyBytes();
+            if (!ProcessReceivedKeyBytes()) return false;
             break;
 
         case RecvState::GARB_GARBTERM:
diff --git a/src/net.h b/src/net.h
index 90f5c4b388..cf7a240202 100644
--- a/src/net.h
+++ b/src/net.h
@@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ private:
     /** Process bytes in m_recv_buffer, while in KEY_MAYBE_V1 state. */
     void ProcessReceivedMaybeV1Bytes() noexcept EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(m_recv_mutex, !m_send_mutex);
     /** Process bytes in m_recv_buffer, while in KEY state. */
-    void ProcessReceivedKeyBytes() noexcept EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(m_recv_mutex, !m_send_mutex);
+    bool ProcessReceivedKeyBytes() noexcept EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(m_recv_mutex, !m_send_mutex);
     /** Process bytes in m_recv_buffer, while in GARB_GARBTERM state. */
     bool ProcessReceivedGarbageBytes() noexcept EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(m_recv_mutex);
     /** Process bytes in m_recv_buffer, while in GARBAUTH/VERSION/APP state. */
diff --git a/src/test/net_tests.cpp b/src/test/net_tests.cpp
index feaa0aef61..900e311d22 100644
--- a/src/test/net_tests.cpp
+++ b/src/test/net_tests.cpp
@@ -1104,6 +1104,15 @@ public:
         m_to_send.insert(m_to_send.end(), data.begin(), data.end());
     }
 
+    /** Send V1 version message header to the transport. */
+    void SendV1Version(const CMessageHeader::MessageStartChars& magic)
+    {
+        CMessageHeader hdr(magic, "version", 126 + InsecureRandRange(11));
+        CDataStream ser(SER_NETWORK, CLIENT_VERSION);
+        ser << hdr;
+        m_to_send.insert(m_to_send.end(), UCharCast(ser.data()), UCharCast(ser.data() + ser.size()));
+    }
+
     /** Schedule bytes to be sent to the transport. */
     void Send(Span<const std::byte> data) { Send(MakeUCharSpan(data)); }
 
@@ -1505,6 +1514,22 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(v2transport_test)
         BOOST_CHECK((*ret)[1] && (*ret)[1]->m_type == "block" && Span{(*ret)[1]->m_recv} == MakeByteSpan(msg_data_1));
         tester.ReceiveMessage(uint8_t(3), msg_data_2); // "blocktxn" short id
     }
+
+    // Send correct network's V1 header
+    {
+        V2TransportTester tester(false);
+        tester.SendV1Version(Params().MessageStart());
+        auto ret = tester.Interact();
+        BOOST_CHECK(ret);
+    }
+
+    // Send wrong network's V1 header
+    {
+        V2TransportTester tester(false);
+        tester.SendV1Version(CChainParams::Main()->MessageStart());
+        auto ret = tester.Interact();
+        BOOST_CHECK(!ret);
+    }
 }
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END()