fees: Always round up fee calculated from a feerate

When calculating the fee for a given tx size from a fee rate, we should
always round up to the next satoshi. Otherwise, if we round down (via
truncation), the calculated fee may result in a fee with a feerate
slightly less than targeted.

This is particularly important for coin selection as a slightly lower
feerate than expected can result in a variety of issues.

Github-Pull: #22949
Rebased-From: 0fbaef9676

src/policy/feerate.cpp

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 
 #include <tinyformat.h>
 
+#include <cmath>
+
 CFeeRate::CFeeRate(const CAmount& nFeePaid, uint32_t num_bytes)
 {
     const int64_t nSize{num_bytes};
@@ -22,7 +24,9 @@ CAmount CFeeRate::GetFee(uint32_t num_bytes) const
 {
     const int64_t nSize{num_bytes};
 
-    CAmount nFee = nSatoshisPerK * nSize / 1000;
+    // Be explicit that we're converting from a double to int64_t (CAmount) here.
+    // We've previously had issues with the silent double->int64_t conversion.
+    CAmount nFee{static_cast<CAmount>(std::ceil(nSatoshisPerK * nSize / 1000.0))};
 
     if (nFee == 0 && nSize != 0) {
         if (nSatoshisPerK > 0) nFee = CAmount(1);

src/policy/feerate.h

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ public:
     CFeeRate(const CAmount& nFeePaid, uint32_t num_bytes);
     /**
      * Return the fee in satoshis for the given size in bytes.
+     * If the calculated fee would have fractional satoshis, then the returned fee will always be rounded up to the nearest satoshi.
      */
     CAmount GetFee(uint32_t num_bytes) const;
     /**

src/test/amount_tests.cpp

@@ -48,13 +48,13 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(GetFeeTest)
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(feeRate.GetFee(9e3), CAmount(-9e3));
 
     feeRate = CFeeRate(123);
-    // Truncates the result, if not integer
+    // Rounds up the result, if not integer
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(feeRate.GetFee(0), CAmount(0));
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(feeRate.GetFee(8), CAmount(1)); // Special case: returns 1 instead of 0
-    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(feeRate.GetFee(9), CAmount(1));
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(feeRate.GetFee(9), CAmount(2));
-    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(feeRate.GetFee(121), CAmount(14));
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(feeRate.GetFee(121), CAmount(15));
-    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(feeRate.GetFee(122), CAmount(15));
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(feeRate.GetFee(122), CAmount(16));
-    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(feeRate.GetFee(999), CAmount(122));
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(feeRate.GetFee(999), CAmount(123));
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(feeRate.GetFee(1e3), CAmount(123));
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(feeRate.GetFee(9e3), CAmount(1107));
 

src/test/transaction_tests.cpp

@@ -807,12 +807,12 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_IsStandard)
     // nDustThreshold = 182 * 3702 / 1000
     dustRelayFee = CFeeRate(3702);
     // dust:
-    t.vout[0].nValue = 673 - 1;
+    t.vout[0].nValue = 674 - 1;
     reason.clear();
     BOOST_CHECK(!IsStandardTx(CTransaction(t), reason));
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(reason, "dust");
     // not dust:
-    t.vout[0].nValue = 673;
+    t.vout[0].nValue = 674;
     BOOST_CHECK(IsStandardTx(CTransaction(t), reason));
     dustRelayFee = CFeeRate(DUST_RELAY_TX_FEE);
 

test/functional/wallet_keypool.py

@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ class KeyPoolTest(BitcoinTestFramework):
         assert_equal("psbt" in res, True)
 
         # create a transaction without change at the maximum fee rate, such that the output is still spendable:
-        res = w2.walletcreatefundedpsbt(inputs=[], outputs=[{destination: 0.00010000}], options={"subtractFeeFromOutputs": [0], "feeRate": 0.0008824})
+        res = w2.walletcreatefundedpsbt(inputs=[], outputs=[{destination: 0.00010000}], options={"subtractFeeFromOutputs": [0], "feeRate": 0.0008823})
         assert_equal("psbt" in res, True)
         assert_equal(res["fee"], Decimal("0.00009706"))