diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 2dba6f255d..67b2112ba4 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -521,6 +521,33 @@ if(ENABLE_HARDENING)
     if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Darwin")
       try_append_linker_flag("-Wl,-fixup_chains" TARGET hardening_interface)
     endif()
+
+    if(HAVE_LIBCPP)
+      # https://libcxx.llvm.org/Hardening.html
+      if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
+        target_compile_definitions(hardening_interface INTERFACE _LIBCPP_HARDENING_MODE=_LIBCPP_HARDENING_MODE_DEBUG)
+      else()
+        target_compile_definitions(hardening_interface INTERFACE _LIBCPP_HARDENING_MODE=_LIBCPP_HARDENING_MODE_FAST)
+      endif()
+    endif()
+
+    if(HAVE_LIBSTDCPP)
+      # https://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/LibstdcxxDebugMode
+      # https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/debug_mode.html
+      #
+      # libstdc++ has _GLIBCXX_DEBUG _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDANTIC but they are not ABI compatible with
+      # normal mode which could cause linkage failures like:
+      #   undefined reference to `mp::Connection::removeSyncCleanup(__gnu_debug::_Safe_iterator...`
+      # when an external library is not compiled with _GLIBCXX_DEBUG _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDANTIC,
+      # so we use _GLIBCXX_ASSERTIONS in both Debug and non-Debug builds.
+      target_compile_definitions(hardening_interface INTERFACE _GLIBCXX_ASSERTIONS)
+
+      find_library(HAVE_LIBSTDCPPEXP stdc++exp)
+      if(HAVE_LIBSTDCPPEXP)
+        target_compile_definitions(hardening_interface INTERFACE _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_BACKTRACE)
+        target_link_libraries(hardening_interface INTERFACE stdc++exp)
+      endif()
+    endif()
   endif()
 endif()
 
diff --git a/cmake/introspection.cmake b/cmake/introspection.cmake
index 29c93869a7..075d64fc38 100644
--- a/cmake/introspection.cmake
+++ b/cmake/introspection.cmake
@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ check_include_file_cxx(sys/resources.h HAVE_SYS_RESOURCES_H)
 check_include_file_cxx(sys/vmmeter.h HAVE_SYS_VMMETER_H)
 check_include_file_cxx(vm/vm_param.h HAVE_VM_VM_PARAM_H)
 
+check_cxx_symbol_exists(_LIBCPP_VERSION "version" HAVE_LIBCPP)
+check_cxx_symbol_exists(__GLIBCXX__ "version" HAVE_LIBSTDCPP)
+
 check_cxx_symbol_exists(O_CLOEXEC "fcntl.h" HAVE_O_CLOEXEC)
 check_cxx_symbol_exists(fdatasync "unistd.h" HAVE_FDATASYNC)
 check_cxx_symbol_exists(fork "unistd.h" HAVE_DECL_FORK)
diff --git a/depends/hosts/linux.mk b/depends/hosts/linux.mk
index e2f34265d1..3b0e6da164 100644
--- a/depends/hosts/linux.mk
+++ b/depends/hosts/linux.mk
@@ -13,12 +13,6 @@ linux_release_CXXFLAGS=$(linux_release_CFLAGS)
 linux_debug_CFLAGS=-O1 -g
 linux_debug_CXXFLAGS=$(linux_debug_CFLAGS)
 
-# https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/debug_mode.html
-linux_debug_CPPFLAGS=-D_GLIBCXX_DEBUG -D_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDANTIC
-
-# https://libcxx.llvm.org/Hardening.html
-linux_debug_CPPFLAGS+=-D_LIBCPP_HARDENING_MODE=_LIBCPP_HARDENING_MODE_DEBUG
-
 ifeq (86,$(findstring 86,$(build_arch)))
 i686_linux_CC=gcc -m32
 i686_linux_CXX=g++ -m32