fixup! fix(hls): add missing scheme to m3u8 list

Probably fixes Fijxu/invidious#65

.forgejo/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -37,13 +37,15 @@ jobs:
           type=sha,format=short,prefix={{date 'YYYY.MM.DD'}}-,enable=${{ github.ref == format('refs/heads/{0}', 'master') }}
           type=raw,value=latest,enable=${{ github.ref == format('refs/heads/{0}', 'master') }}
 
-    - uses: https://code.forgejo.org/docker/build-push-action@v5
+    - uses: https://code.forgejo.org/docker/build-push-action@v6
       name: Build images
       with:
         context: .
         file: docker/Dockerfile
         tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }}
         platforms: linux/amd64
+        # cache-from: type=gha
+        # cache-to: type=gha,mode=max
         push: true
         build-args: |
           "release=1"

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Install required APT packages
         run: |
-          sudo apt install -y libsqlite3-dev 
+          sudo apt install -y libsqlite3-dev
         shell: bash
 
       - name: Install Crystal
@@ -65,7 +65,9 @@ jobs:
       - name: Cache Shards
         uses: actions/cache@v3
         with:
-          path: ./lib
+          path: |
+            ./lib
+            ./bin
           key: shards-${{ hashFiles('shard.lock') }}
 
       - name: Install Shards
@@ -77,14 +79,6 @@ jobs:
       - name: Run tests
         run: crystal spec
 
-      - name: Run lint
-        run: |
-          if ! crystal tool format --check; then
-            crystal tool format
-            git diff
-            exit 1
-          fi
-
       - name: Build
         run: crystal build --warnings all --error-on-warnings --error-trace src/invidious.cr
 
@@ -130,8 +124,12 @@ jobs:
       - name: Test Docker
         run: while curl -Isf http://localhost:3000; do sleep 1; done
 
-  ameba_lint:
+  lint:
+
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    continue-on-error: true
+
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
@@ -151,7 +149,18 @@ jobs:
           key: shards-${{ hashFiles('shard.lock') }}
 
       - name: Install Shards
-        run: shards install
+        run: |
+          if ! shards check; then
+            shards install
+          fi
+
+      - name: Check Crystal formatter compliance
+        run: |
+          if ! crystal tool format --check; then
+            crystal tool format
+            git diff
+            exit 1
+          fi
 
       - name: Run Ameba linter
         run: bin/ameba

.github/workflows/stale.yml

@@ -13,14 +13,11 @@ jobs:
     - uses: actions/stale@v8
       with:
         repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-        days-before-stale: 365
+        days-before-stale: 730
-        days-before-pr-stale: 90 
+        days-before-pr-stale: -1 
-        days-before-close: 30
+        days-before-close: 60
-        exempt-pr-labels: blocked,exempt-stale
         stale-issue-message: 'This issue has been automatically marked as stale and will be closed in 30 days because it has not had recent activity and is much likely outdated. If you think this issue is still relevant and applicable, you just have to post a comment and it will be unmarked.'
-        stale-pr-message: 'This pull request has been automatically marked as stale and will be closed in 30 days because it has not had recent activity and is much likely abandoned or outdated. If you think this pull request is still relevant and applicable, you just have to post a comment and it will be unmarked.'
         stale-issue-label: "stale"
-        stale-pr-label: "stale"
         ascending: true
-        # Never mark feature requests/enhancements as stale
+        # Exempt the following types of issues from being staled
-        exempt-issue-labels: "feature-request,enhancement,exempt-stale"
+        exempt-issue-labels: "feature-request,enhancement,discussion,exempt-stale"

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -3,8 +3,92 @@
 ## vX.Y.0 (future)
 
 
+## v2.20241110.0
+
+### Wrap-up
+
+This release is most importantly here to fix to the annoying "Youtube API returned error 400"
+error that prevented all channel pages from loading.
+
+If you're updating from the previous release, it provides no improvements on the ability to play
+videos. If updating from a commit in-between release, it removes the "Please sign in" error caused
+by a previous attempt at restoring video playback on large instances.
+
+In the preferences, a new option allows for control of video preload. When enabled, this option
+tells the browser to load the video as soon as the page is loaded (this used to be the default).
+When disabled, the video starts loading only when the "play" button is pressed.
+
+New interface languages available: Bulgarian, Welsh and Lombard
+
+New dependency required: `tzdata`.
+
+An HTTP proxy can be configured directly in Invidious, if needed. \
+**NOTE:** In that case, it is recommended to comment out `force_resolve`.
+
+
+### New features & important changes
+
+#### For users
+
+* Channels: Fix "Youtube API returned error 400" error preventing channel pages from loading
+* Channels: Shorts can now be sorted by "newest", "oldest" and "popular"
+* Preferences: Addition of the new "preload" option
+* New interface languages available: Bulgarian, Welsh and Lombard
+* Added "Filipino (auto-generated)" to the list of caption languages available
+* Lots of new translations from Weblate
+
+#### For instance owners
+
+* Allow the configuration of an HTTP proxy to talk to Youtube
+* Invidious tries to reconnect to `inv_sig_helper` if the socket is closed
+* The instance list is downloaded in the background to improve redirection speed
+* New `colorize_logs` option makes each log level a different color
+
+#### For developpers
+
+* `/api/v1/channels/{id}/shorts` now supports the `sort-by` parameter with the following values:
+  `newest`, `oldest` and `popular`
+* Older `/api/v1/channels/xyz/{id}` (tab name before UCID) were removed
+* API/Search: New video metadata available: `isNew`, `is4k`, `is8k`, `isVr180`, `isVr360`,
+  `is3d` and `hasCaptions`
+
+### Bugs fixed
+
+#### User-side
+
+* Channels: The second page of shorts now loads as expected
+* Channels: Fixed intermittent empty "playlists" tab
+* Search: Fixed `youtu.be` URLs not being properly redirected to the watch page
+* Fixed `DB::MappingException` error on the subscriptions feed (due to missing `tzdata` in docker)
+* Switching to another instance is much faster
+* Fixed an "invalid byte sequence" error when subscribing to a playlist
+* Videos: Playback URLs were sometimes broken when cached and `inv_sig_helper` was used
+
+#### For instance owners
+
+* Fix `force_resolve` being ignored in some cases
+
+#### API
+
+* API/Videos: Fixed `live_now` and `premiere_timestamp` sometimes not having the right values
+
+
 ### Full list of pull requests merged since the last release (newest first)
 
+* API: Add "sort_by" parameter to channels/shorts endpoint ([#5071], thanks @iBicha)
+* Docker: Install tzdata in Dockerfile ([#5070], by @SamantazFox)
+* Videos: Stop using TVHTML5_SIMPLY_EMBEDDED_PLAYER ([#5063], thanks @unixfox)
+* Routing: Deprecate old channel API routes ([#5045], by @SamantazFox)
+* Videos: use WEB client instead of WEB CREATOR ([#4984], thanks @unixfox)
+* Parsers: Fix parsing live_now and premiere_timestamp ([#4934], thanks @absidue)
+* Stale bot updates ([#5060], thanks @syeopite)
+* Channels: Fix "Youtube API returned error 400" ([#5059], by @SamantazFox)
+* Channels: Fix for live videos ([#5027], thanks @iBicha)
+* Locales: Add Bulgarian, Welsh and Lombard to the list ([#5046], by @SamantazFox)
+* Shards: Update database dependencies ([#5034], by @SamantazFox)
+* Logger: Add color support for different log levels ([#4931], thanks @Fijxu)
+* Fix named arg syntax when passing force_resolve ([#4754], thanks @syeopite)
+* Use make_client instead of calling HTTP::Client ([#4709], thanks @syeopite)
 * Add "Filipino (auto-generated)" to the list of caption languages ([#4995], by @SamantazFox)
 * Makefile: Add MT option to enable the 'preview_mt' flag ([#4993], by @SamantazFox)
 * SigHelper: Reconnect to signature helper ([#4991], thanks @Fijxu)
@@ -31,7 +115,9 @@
 [#4270]: https://github.com/iv-org/invidious/pull/4270
 [#4326]: https://github.com/iv-org/invidious/pull/4326
 [#4652]: https://github.com/iv-org/invidious/pull/4652
+[#4709]: https://github.com/iv-org/invidious/pull/4709
 [#4750]: https://github.com/iv-org/invidious/pull/4750
+[#4754]: https://github.com/iv-org/invidious/pull/4754
 [#4850]: https://github.com/iv-org/invidious/pull/4850
 [#4862]: https://github.com/iv-org/invidious/pull/4862
 [#4863]: https://github.com/iv-org/invidious/pull/4863
@@ -41,10 +127,22 @@
 [#4923]: https://github.com/iv-org/invidious/pull/4923
 [#4928]: https://github.com/iv-org/invidious/pull/4928
 [#4930]: https://github.com/iv-org/invidious/pull/4930
+[#4931]: https://github.com/iv-org/invidious/pull/4931
+[#4934]: https://github.com/iv-org/invidious/pull/4934
 [#4942]: https://github.com/iv-org/invidious/pull/4942
+[#4984]: https://github.com/iv-org/invidious/pull/4984
 [#4991]: https://github.com/iv-org/invidious/pull/4991
 [#4993]: https://github.com/iv-org/invidious/pull/4993
 [#4995]: https://github.com/iv-org/invidious/pull/4995
+[#5027]: https://github.com/iv-org/invidious/pull/5027
+[#5034]: https://github.com/iv-org/invidious/pull/5034
+[#5045]: https://github.com/iv-org/invidious/pull/5045
+[#5046]: https://github.com/iv-org/invidious/pull/5046
+[#5059]: https://github.com/iv-org/invidious/pull/5059
+[#5060]: https://github.com/iv-org/invidious/pull/5060
+[#5063]: https://github.com/iv-org/invidious/pull/5063
+[#5070]: https://github.com/iv-org/invidious/pull/5070
+[#5071]: https://github.com/iv-org/invidious/pull/5071
 
 
 ## v2.20240825.2 (2024-08-26)

config/config.example.yml

@@ -54,6 +54,53 @@ db:
 ##
 #signature_server:
 
+##
+## Invidious companion is an external program
+## for loading the video streams from YouTube servers.
+##
+## When this setting is commented out, Invidious companion is not used.
+## Otherwise, Invidious will proxy the requests to Invidious companion.
+## 
+## Note: multiple URL can be configured. In this case, invidious will
+## randomly pick one every time video data needs to be retrieved. This
+## URL is then kept in the video metadata cache to allow video playback
+## to work. Once said cache has expired, requesting that video's data
+## again will cause a new companion URL to be picked.
+##
+## The parameter private_url needs to be configured for the internal
+## communication between the companion and Invidious.
+## And public_url is the public URL from which companion is listening
+## to the requests from the user(s).
+##
+## If you are using a reverse proxy then you will probably need to
+## configure the public_url to be the same as the domain used for Invidious.
+## Also apply when used from an external IP address (without a domain).
+## Examples: https://MYINVIDIOUSDOMAIN or http://192.168.1.100:8282
+##
+## Both parameter can have identical URL when Invidious is hosted in
+## an internal network or at home or locally (localhost).
+##
+## Accepted values: "http(s)://<IP-HOSTNAME>:<Port>"
+## Default: <none>
+##
+#invidious_companion:
+#  - private_url: "http://localhost:8282"
+#    public_url: "http://localhost:8282"
+
+##
+## API key for Invidious companion, used for securing the communication
+## between Invidious and Invidious companion.
+## The size of the key needs to be more or equal to 16.
+##
+## Note: This parameter is mandatory when Invidious companion is enabled
+## and should be a random string.
+## Such random string can be generated on linux with the following
+## command: `pwgen 16 1`
+##
+## Accepted values: a string
+## Default: <none>
+##
+#invidious_companion_key: "CHANGE_ME!!"
 
 #########################################
 #
@@ -235,11 +282,13 @@ http_proxy:
 
 ##
 ## Enables colors in logs. Useful for debugging purposes
-## This is overridden if "-k" or "--colorize" 
+## This is overridden if "-k" or "--colorize"
 ## are passed on the command line.
+## Colors are also disabled if the environment variable
+## NO_COLOR is present and has any value
 ##
 ## Accepted values: true, false
-## Default: false
+## Default: true
 ##
 #colorize_logs: false
 

docker/Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM crystallang/crystal:1.12.1-alpine AS builder
+FROM mirror.gcr.io/crystallang/crystal:1.14.0-alpine AS builder
 
 RUN apk add --no-cache sqlite-static yaml-static
 
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ RUN crystal spec --warnings all \
     --link-flags "-lxml2 -llzma"
 RUN if [[ "${release}" == 1 ]] ; then \
         crystal build ./src/invidious.cr \
-        --release --mcpu=x86-64-v3 \
+        --release --mcpu=x86-64-v2 \
         --static --warnings all \
         --link-flags "-lxml2 -llzma"; \
     else \
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ RUN if [[ "${release}" == 1 ]] ; then \
         --link-flags "-lxml2 -llzma"; \
     fi
 
-FROM alpine:3.18
+FROM mirror.gcr.io/alpine:3.20
-RUN apk add --no-cache rsvg-convert ttf-opensans tini
+RUN apk add --no-cache rsvg-convert ttf-opensans tini tzdata
 WORKDIR /invidious
 RUN addgroup -g 1000 -S invidious && \
     adduser -u 1000 -S invidious -G invidious

docker/Dockerfile.arm64

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-FROM alpine:3.19 AS builder
+FROM alpine:3.20 AS builder
-RUN apk add --no-cache 'crystal=1.10.1-r0' shards sqlite-static yaml-static yaml-dev libxml2-static zlib-static openssl-libs-static openssl-dev musl-dev xz-static
+RUN apk add --no-cache 'crystal=1.12.2-r0' shards sqlite-static yaml-static yaml-dev libxml2-static \
+       zlib-static openssl-libs-static openssl-dev musl-dev xz-static
 
 ARG release
 
@@ -32,8 +33,8 @@ RUN if [[ "${release}" == 1 ]] ; then \
         --link-flags "-lxml2 -llzma"; \
     fi
 
-FROM alpine:3.18
+FROM alpine:3.20
-RUN apk add --no-cache rsvg-convert ttf-opensans tini
+RUN apk add --no-cache rsvg-convert ttf-opensans tini tzdata
 WORKDIR /invidious
 RUN addgroup -g 1000 -S invidious && \
     adduser -u 1000 -S invidious -G invidious

shard.lock

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ shards:
 
   db:
     git: https://github.com/crystal-lang/crystal-db.git
-    version: 0.10.1
+    version: 0.13.1
 
   exception_page:
     git: https://github.com/crystal-loot/exception_page.git
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ shards:
 
   pg:
     git: https://github.com/will/crystal-pg.git
-    version: 0.24.0
+    version: 0.28.0
 
   pool:
     git: https://github.com/ysbaddaden/pool.git
@@ -61,5 +61,5 @@ shards:
 
   sqlite3:
     git: https://github.com/crystal-lang/crystal-sqlite3.git
-    version: 0.18.0
+    version: 0.21.0
 

shard.yml

@@ -1,21 +1,20 @@
 name: invidious
-version: 0.20.1
+version: 2.20241110.0-dev
 
 authors:
-  - Omar Roth <omarroth@protonmail.com>
+  - Invidious team <contact@invidious.io>
-  - Invidious team
+  - Contributors!
 
-targets:
+description: |
-  invidious:
+   Invidious is an alternative front-end to YouTube 
-    main: src/invidious.cr
 
 dependencies:
   pg:
     github: will/crystal-pg
-    version: ~> 0.24.0
+    version: ~> 0.28.0
   sqlite3:
     github: crystal-lang/crystal-sqlite3
-    version: ~> 0.18.0
+    version: ~> 0.21.0
   kemal:
     github: kemalcr/kemal
     version: ~> 1.1.2
@@ -45,6 +44,10 @@ development_dependencies:
     github: crystal-ameba/ameba
     version: ~> 1.6.1
 
-crystal: ">= 1.0.0, < 2.0.0"
+crystal: ">= 1.10.0, < 2.0.0"
 
 license: AGPLv3
+
+repository: https://github.com/iv-org/invidious
+homepage: https://invidious.io
+documentation: https://docs.invidious.io

src/invidious.cr

@@ -88,7 +88,6 @@ REDDIT_URL      = URI.parse("https://www.reddit.com")
 YT_URL          = URI.parse("https://www.youtube.com")
 PUBSUB_HOST_URL = CONFIG.pubsub_domain
 HOST_URL        = make_host_url(Kemal.config)
-EXT_VIDEOP_LIST = gen_videoplayback_proxy_list()
 
 CHARS_SAFE         = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_"
 TEST_IDS           = {"AgbeGFYluEA", "BaW_jenozKc", "a9LDPn-MO4I", "ddFvjfvPnqk", "iqKdEhx-dD4"}
@@ -211,10 +210,16 @@ Invidious::Jobs.register Invidious::Jobs::InstanceListRefreshJob.new
 
 if !CONFIG.external_videoplayback_proxy.empty?
   Invidious::Jobs.register Invidious::Jobs::CheckExternalProxy.new
+else
+  # Invidious will it's own videoplayback proxy unless the admin decides to rewrite
+  # the /videoplayback location in the reverse proxy configuration (NGINX, Caddy, etc)
+  LOGGER.info("jobs: Disabling CheckExternalProxy job. Invidious will it's own videoplayback proxy")
 end
 
-if CONFIG.refresh_tokens
+if !CONFIG.tokens_server.empty?
-  Invidious::Jobs.register Invidious::Jobs::RefreshTokens.new
+  Invidious::Jobs.register Invidious::Jobs::RefreshSessionTokens.new
+else
+  LOGGER.info("jobs: Disabling RefreshSessionTokens job. Invidious will use the tokens that are on the configuration file")
 end
 
 Invidious::Jobs.start_all

src/invidious/channels/videos.cr

@@ -1,78 +1,3 @@
-def produce_channel_content_continuation(ucid, content_type, page = 1, auto_generated = nil, sort_by = "newest", v2 = false)
-  object_inner_2 = {
-    "2:0:embedded" => {
-      "1:0:varint" => 0_i64,
-    },
-    "5:varint"  => 50_i64,
-    "6:varint"  => 1_i64,
-    "7:varint"  => (page * 30).to_i64,
-    "9:varint"  => 1_i64,
-    "10:varint" => 0_i64,
-  }
-
-  object_inner_2_encoded = object_inner_2
-    .try { |i| Protodec::Any.cast_json(i) }
-    .try { |i| Protodec::Any.from_json(i) }
-    .try { |i| Base64.urlsafe_encode(i) }
-    .try { |i| URI.encode_www_form(i) }
-
-  content_type_numerical =
-    case content_type
-    when "videos"      then 15
-    when "livestreams" then 14
-    else                    15 # Fallback to "videos"
-    end
-
-  sort_by_numerical =
-    case sort_by
-    when "newest"  then 1_i64
-    when "popular" then 2_i64
-    when "oldest"  then 4_i64
-    else                1_i64 # Fallback to "newest"
-    end
-
-  object_inner_1 = {
-    "110:embedded" => {
-      "3:embedded" => {
-        "#{content_type_numerical}:embedded" => {
-          "1:embedded" => {
-            "1:string" => object_inner_2_encoded,
-          },
-          "2:embedded" => {
-            "1:string" => "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000",
-          },
-          "3:varint" => sort_by_numerical,
-        },
-      },
-    },
-  }
-
-  object_inner_1_encoded = object_inner_1
-    .try { |i| Protodec::Any.cast_json(i) }
-    .try { |i| Protodec::Any.from_json(i) }
-    .try { |i| Base64.urlsafe_encode(i) }
-    .try { |i| URI.encode_www_form(i) }
-
-  object = {
-    "80226972:embedded" => {
-      "2:string"  => ucid,
-      "3:string"  => object_inner_1_encoded,
-      "35:string" => "browse-feed#{ucid}videos102",
-    },
-  }
-
-  continuation = object.try { |i| Protodec::Any.cast_json(i) }
-    .try { |i| Protodec::Any.from_json(i) }
-    .try { |i| Base64.urlsafe_encode(i) }
-    .try { |i| URI.encode_www_form(i) }
-
-  return continuation
-end
-
-def make_initial_content_ctoken(ucid, content_type, sort_by) : String
-  return produce_channel_content_continuation(ucid, content_type, sort_by: sort_by)
-end
-
 module Invidious::Channel::Tabs
   extend self
 
@@ -101,7 +26,7 @@ module Invidious::Channel::Tabs
   end
 
   def get_videos(author : String, ucid : String, *, continuation : String? = nil, sort_by = "newest")
-    continuation ||= make_initial_content_ctoken(ucid, "videos", sort_by)
+    continuation ||= make_initial_videos_ctoken(ucid, sort_by)
     initial_data = YoutubeAPI.browse(continuation: continuation)
 
     return extract_items(initial_data, author, ucid)
@@ -130,14 +55,10 @@ module Invidious::Channel::Tabs
   #  Shorts
   # -------------------
 
-  def get_shorts(channel : AboutChannel, continuation : String? = nil)
+  def get_shorts(channel : AboutChannel, *, continuation : String? = nil, sort_by = "newest")
-    if continuation.nil?
+    continuation ||= make_initial_shorts_ctoken(channel.ucid, sort_by)
-      # EgZzaG9ydHPyBgUKA5oBAA%3D%3D is the protobuf object to load "shorts"
+    initial_data = YoutubeAPI.browse(continuation: continuation)
-      # TODO: try to extract the continuation tokens that allows other sorting options
+
-      initial_data = YoutubeAPI.browse(channel.ucid, params: "EgZzaG9ydHPyBgUKA5oBAA%3D%3D")
-    else
-      initial_data = YoutubeAPI.browse(continuation: continuation)
-    end
     return extract_items(initial_data, channel.author, channel.ucid)
   end
 
@@ -145,9 +66,8 @@ module Invidious::Channel::Tabs
   #  Livestreams
   # -------------------
 
-  def get_livestreams(channel : AboutChannel, continuation : String? = nil, sort_by = "newest")
+  def get_livestreams(channel : AboutChannel, *, continuation : String? = nil, sort_by = "newest")
-    continuation ||= make_initial_content_ctoken(channel.ucid, "livestreams", sort_by)
+    continuation ||= make_initial_livestreams_ctoken(channel.ucid, sort_by)
-
     initial_data = YoutubeAPI.browse(continuation: continuation)
 
     return extract_items(initial_data, channel.author, channel.ucid)
@@ -171,4 +91,102 @@ module Invidious::Channel::Tabs
 
     return items, next_continuation
   end
+
+  # -------------------
+  #  C-tokens
+  # -------------------
+
+  private def sort_options_videos_short(sort_by : String)
+    case sort_by
+    when "newest"  then return 4_i64
+    when "popular" then return 2_i64
+    when "oldest"  then return 5_i64
+    else                return 4_i64 # Fallback to "newest"
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Generate the initial "continuation token" to get the first page of the
+  # "videos" tab. The following page requires the ctoken provided in that
+  # first page, and so on.
+  private def make_initial_videos_ctoken(ucid : String, sort_by = "newest")
+    object = {
+      "15:embedded" => {
+        "2:embedded" => {
+          "1:string" => "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000",
+        },
+        "4:varint" => sort_options_videos_short(sort_by),
+      },
+    }
+
+    return channel_ctoken_wrap(ucid, object)
+  end
+
+  # Generate the initial "continuation token" to get the first page of the
+  # "shorts" tab. The following page requires the ctoken provided in that
+  # first page, and so on.
+  private def make_initial_shorts_ctoken(ucid : String, sort_by = "newest")
+    object = {
+      "10:embedded" => {
+        "2:embedded" => {
+          "1:string" => "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000",
+        },
+        "4:varint" => sort_options_videos_short(sort_by),
+      },
+    }
+
+    return channel_ctoken_wrap(ucid, object)
+  end
+
+  # Generate the initial "continuation token" to get the first page of the
+  # "livestreams" tab. The following page requires the ctoken provided in that
+  # first page, and so on.
+  private def make_initial_livestreams_ctoken(ucid : String, sort_by = "newest")
+    sort_by_numerical =
+      case sort_by
+      when "newest"  then 12_i64
+      when "popular" then 14_i64
+      when "oldest"  then 13_i64
+      else                12_i64 # Fallback to "newest"
+      end
+
+    object = {
+      "14:embedded" => {
+        "2:embedded" => {
+          "1:string" => "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000",
+        },
+        "5:varint" => sort_by_numerical,
+      },
+    }
+
+    return channel_ctoken_wrap(ucid, object)
+  end
+
+  # The protobuf structure common between videos/shorts/livestreams
+  private def channel_ctoken_wrap(ucid : String, object)
+    object_inner = {
+      "110:embedded" => {
+        "3:embedded" => object,
+      },
+    }
+
+    object_inner_encoded = object_inner
+      .try { |i| Protodec::Any.cast_json(i) }
+      .try { |i| Protodec::Any.from_json(i) }
+      .try { |i| Base64.urlsafe_encode(i) }
+      .try { |i| URI.encode_www_form(i) }
+
+    object = {
+      "80226972:embedded" => {
+        "2:string" => ucid,
+        "3:string" => object_inner_encoded,
+      },
+    }
+
+    continuation = object.try { |i| Protodec::Any.cast_json(i) }
+      .try { |i| Protodec::Any.from_json(i) }
+      .try { |i| Base64.urlsafe_encode(i) }
+      .try { |i| URI.encode_www_form(i) }
+
+    return continuation
+  end
 end

src/invidious/config.cr

@@ -45,8 +45,6 @@ struct ConfigPreferences
   property vr_mode : Bool = true
   property show_nick : Bool = true
   property save_player_pos : Bool = false
-  property po_token : String = ""
-  property visitor_data : String = ""
 
   def to_tuple
     {% begin %}
@@ -69,6 +67,16 @@ end
 class Config
   include YAML::Serializable
 
+  class CompanionConfig
+    include YAML::Serializable
+
+    @[YAML::Field(converter: Preferences::URIConverter)]
+    property private_url : URI = URI.parse("")
+
+    @[YAML::Field(converter: Preferences::URIConverter)]
+    property public_url : URI = URI.parse("")
+  end
+
   # Number of threads to use for crawling videos from channels (for updating subscriptions)
   property channel_threads : Int32 = 1
   # Time interval between two executions of the job that crawls channel videos (subscriptions update).
@@ -108,12 +116,12 @@ class Config
   property materialious_domain : String?
   # Alternative domains. You can add other domains, like TOR and I2P addresses
   property alternative_domains : Array(String) = [] of String
-  property donation_url : String?
+  # Backend domains. Domains for numbered backends
-  property contact_url : String?
+  property backend_domains : Array(String) = [] of String
-  property home_domain : String?
 
   # Subscribe to channels using PubSubHubbub (requires domain, hmac_key)
   property use_pubsub_feeds : Bool | Int32 = false
+  property use_innertube_for_feeds : Bool = true
   property popular_enabled : Bool = true
   property captcha_enabled : Bool = true
   property login_enabled : Bool = true
@@ -177,6 +185,12 @@ class Config
   # poToken for passing bot attestation
   property po_token : String? = nil
 
+  # Invidious companion
+  property invidious_companion : Array(CompanionConfig) = [] of CompanionConfig
+
+  # Invidious companion API key
+  property invidious_companion_key : String = ""
+
   # Saved cookies in "name1=value1; name2=value2..." format
   @[YAML::Field(converter: Preferences::StringToCookies)]
   property cookies : HTTP::Cookies = HTTP::Cookies.new
@@ -195,15 +209,16 @@ class Config
 
   # External videoplayback proxies list. They should include `https://`
   # at the start of the URI
-  property external_videoplayback_proxy : Array(NamedTuple(url: String, balance: Bool)) = [] of NamedTuple(url: String, balance: Bool)
+  property external_videoplayback_proxy : Array(String) = [] of String
-
-  # Job to refresh tokens from a Redis compatible DB
-  property refresh_tokens : Bool = true
 
   property pubsub_domain : String = ""
 
   property ignore_user_tokens : Bool = false
 
+  property server_id_cookie_name : String = "INVIDIOUS_SERVER_ID"
+
+  property tokens_server : String = ""
+
   {% if flag?(:linux) %}
     property reload_config_automatically : Bool = true
   {% end %}
@@ -330,6 +345,23 @@ class Config
         end
     {% end %}
 
+    if config.invidious_companion.present?
+      # invidious_companion and signature_server can't work together
+      if config.signature_server
+        puts "Config: You can not run inv_sig_helper and invidious_companion at the same time."
+        exit(1)
+      elsif config.invidious_companion_key.empty?
+        puts "Config: Please configure a key if you are using invidious companion."
+        exit(1)
+      elsif config.invidious_companion_key == "CHANGE_ME!!"
+        puts "Config: The value of 'invidious_companion_key' needs to be changed!!"
+        exit(1)
+      elsif config.invidious_companion_key.size < 16
+        puts "Config: The value of 'invidious_companion_key' needs to be a size of 16 or more."
+        exit(1)
+      end
+    end
+
     # HMAC_key is mandatory
     # See: https://github.com/iv-org/invidious/issues/3854
     if config.hmac_key.empty?

src/invidious/helpers/i18n.cr

@@ -1,8 +1,22 @@
+# Languages requiring a better level of translation (at least 20%)
+# to be added to the list below:
+#
+#  "af"      => "", # Afrikaans
+#  "az"      => "", # Azerbaijani
+#  "be"      => "", # Belarusian
+#  "bn_BD"   => "", # Bengali (Bangladesh)
+#  "ia"      => "", # Interlingua
+#  "or"      => "", # Odia
+#  "tk"      => "", # Turkmen
+#  "tok      => "", # Toki Pona
+#
 LOCALES_LIST = {
   "ar"      => "العربية",               # Arabic
+  "bg"      => "български",             # Bulgarian
   "bn"      => "বাংলা",                 # Bengali
   "ca"      => "Català",                # Catalan
   "cs"      => "Čeština",               # Czech
+  "cy"      => "Cymraeg",               # Welsh
   "da"      => "Dansk",                 # Danish
   "de"      => "Deutsch",               # German
   "el"      => "Ελληνικά",              # Greek
@@ -23,6 +37,7 @@ LOCALES_LIST = {
   "it"      => "Italiano",              # Italian
   "ja"      => "日本語",                   # Japanese
   "ko"      => "한국어",                   # Korean
+  "lmo"     => "Lombard",               # Lombard
   "lt"      => "Lietuvių",              # Lithuanian
   "nb-NO"   => "Norsk bokmål",          # Norwegian Bokmål
   "nl"      => "Nederlands",            # Dutch

src/invidious/helpers/logger.cr

@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ enum LogLevel
 end
 
 class Invidious::LogHandler < Kemal::BaseLogHandler
-  def initialize(@io : IO = STDOUT, @level = LogLevel::Debug, @color : Bool = true)
+  def initialize(@io : IO = STDOUT, @level = LogLevel::Debug, use_color : Bool = true)
+    Colorize.enabled = use_color
+    Colorize.on_tty_only!
   end
 
   def call(context : HTTP::Server::Context)
@@ -56,8 +58,7 @@ class Invidious::LogHandler < Kemal::BaseLogHandler
   {% for level in %w(trace debug info warn error fatal) %}
     def {{level.id}}(message : String)
       if LogLevel::{{level.id.capitalize}} >= @level
-        puts("#{Time.utc} [{{level.id}}] #{message}".colorize(color(LogLevel::{{level.id.capitalize}})).toggle(@color))
+        puts("#{Time.utc} [{{level.id}}] #{message}".colorize(color(LogLevel::{{level.id.capitalize}})))
-
       end
     end
   {% end %}

src/invidious/helpers/redis_tokens.cr

@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-module Tokens
-  extend self
-  @@po_token : String | Nil
-  @@visitor_data : String | Nil
-
-  def refresh_tokens
-    @@po_token = REDIS_DB.get("invidious:po_token")
-    @@visitor_data = REDIS_DB.get("invidious:visitor_data")
-	if !@@po_token.nil? && !@@visitor_data.nil?
-		LOGGER.debug("RefreshTokens: Successfully updated tokens")
-	else
-		LOGGER.warn("RefreshTokens: Tokens are empty!")
-	end
-    LOGGER.trace("RefreshTokens: Tokens are:")
-    LOGGER.trace("RefreshTokens: po_token: #{@@po_token}")
-    LOGGER.trace("RefreshTokens: visitor_data: #{@@visitor_data}")
-  end
-
-  def get_tokens
-    return {@@po_token, @@visitor_data}
-  end
-
-  def get_po_token
-    return @@po_token
-  end
-
-  def get_visitor_data
-    return @@visitor_data
-  end
-
-  def generate_tokens(user : String)
-    po_token = ""
-    visitor_data = ""
-    attempts = 0
-
-    LOGGER.debug("Generating po_token and visitor_data for user: '#{user}'")
-    REDIS_DB.publish("generate-token", "#{user}")
-
-    while REDIS_DB.get("invidious:#{user}:po_token").nil? && REDIS_DB.get("invidious:#{user}:visitor_data").nil?
-      if attempts > 50
-        break
-      end
-      LOGGER.debug("Waiting for tokens to arrive at redis for user: '#{user}'")
-      attempts += 1
-      sleep 250.milliseconds
-    end
-
-    po_token = REDIS_DB.get("invidious:#{user}:po_token")
-    visitor_data = REDIS_DB.get("invidious:#{user}:visitor_data")
-
-    LOGGER.debug("Tokens successfully generated for user: '#{user}'")
-    return {po_token, visitor_data}
-  end
-end

src/invidious/helpers/session_tokens.cr

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+module SessionTokens
+  extend self
+  @@po_token : String | Nil
+  @@visitor_data : String | Nil
+
+  def refresh_tokens
+    begin
+      response = HTTP::Client.get "#{CONFIG.tokens_server}/generate"
+      if !response.status_code == 200
+        LOGGER.error("RefreshSessionTokens: Expected response to have status code 200 but got #{response.status_code} from #{CONFIG.tokens_server}")
+      end
+      json = JSON.parse(response.body)
+      @@po_token = json.try &.["potoken"].as_s || nil 
+      @@visitor_data = json.try &.["visitorData"].as_s || nil
+    rescue ex
+      LOGGER.error("RefreshSessionTokens: Failed to fetch tokens from #{CONFIG.tokens_server}: #{ex.message}")
+      return
+    end
+
+    if !@@po_token.nil? && !@@visitor_data.nil?
+      set_tokens
+      LOGGER.debug("RefreshSessionTokens: Successfully updated po_token and visitor_data")
+    else
+      LOGGER.warn("RefreshSessionTokens: Tokens are empty!. Invidious will use the tokens that are on the configuration file")
+    end
+    LOGGER.trace("RefreshSessionTokens: Tokens are:")
+    LOGGER.trace("RefreshSessionTokens: po_token: #{CONFIG.po_token}")
+    LOGGER.trace("RefreshSessionTokens: visitor_data: #{CONFIG.visitor_data}")
+  end
+
+  def set_tokens
+    CONFIG.po_token = @@po_token
+    CONFIG.visitor_data = @@visitor_data
+  end
+end

src/invidious/helpers/utils.cr

@@ -390,10 +390,29 @@ def gen_videoplayback_proxy_list
   if !CONFIG.external_videoplayback_proxy.empty?
     external_videoplayback_proxy = ""
     CONFIG.external_videoplayback_proxy.each do |proxy|
-      external_videoplayback_proxy += " #{proxy[:url]}"
+      external_videoplayback_proxy += " #{proxy}"
     end
   else
     external_videoplayback_proxy = ""
   end
   return external_videoplayback_proxy
 end
+
+def encrypt_ecb_without_salt(data, key)
+  cipher = OpenSSL::Cipher.new("aes-128-ecb")
+  cipher.encrypt
+  cipher.key = key
+
+  io = IO::Memory.new
+  io.write(cipher.update(data))
+  io.write(cipher.final)
+  io.rewind
+
+  return io
+end
+
+def invidious_companion_encrypt(data)
+  timestamp = Time.utc.to_unix
+  encrypted_data = encrypt_ecb_without_salt("#{timestamp}|#{data}", CONFIG.invidious_companion_key)
+  return Base64.urlsafe_encode(encrypted_data)
+end

src/invidious/http_server/utils.cr

@@ -9,14 +9,14 @@ module Invidious::HttpServer
     def check_external_proxy
       CONFIG.external_videoplayback_proxy.each do |proxy|
         begin
-          response = HTTP::Client.get("#{proxy[:url]}/health")
+          response = HTTP::Client.get("#{proxy}/health")
           if response.status_code == 200
-            @@proxy_alive = proxy[:url]
+            @@proxy_alive = proxy
-            LOGGER.debug("CheckExternalProxy: Proxy set to: '#{proxy[:url]}'")
+            LOGGER.debug("CheckExternalProxy: Proxy set to: '#{proxy}'")
             break
           end
         rescue
-          LOGGER.debug("CheckExternalProxy: Proxy '#{proxy[:url]}' is not available")
+          LOGGER.debug("CheckExternalProxy: Proxy '#{proxy}' is not available")
         end
       end
 	  if @@proxy_alive.empty?

src/invidious/jobs/refresh_tokens.cr

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-class Invidious::Jobs::RefreshTokens < Invidious::Jobs::BaseJob
+class Invidious::Jobs::RefreshSessionTokens < Invidious::Jobs::BaseJob
   def initialize
   end
 
   def begin
     loop do
-      Tokens.refresh_tokens
+      SessionTokens.refresh_tokens
       LOGGER.info("RefreshTokens: Done, sleeping for 5 seconds")
       sleep 5.seconds
       Fiber.yield

src/invidious/jsonify/api_v1/common.cr

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ module Invidious::JSONify::APIv1
       build_thumbnails(id).each do |thumbnail|
         json.object do
           json.field "quality", thumbnail[:name]
-          json.field "url", "#{thumbnail[:host]}/vi/#{id}/#{thumbnail["url"]}.jpg"
+          json.field "url", "/vi/#{id}/#{thumbnail["url"]}.jpg"
           json.field "width", thumbnail[:width]
           json.field "height", thumbnail[:height]
         end

src/invidious/routes/account.cr

@@ -349,40 +349,4 @@ module Invidious::Routes::Account
       return "{}"
     end
   end
-
-  # -------------------
-  #  poToken and visitorData tokens generation
-  # -------------------
-
-  # Generates a poToken & visitorData for the user, server side
-  def generate_tokens(env)
-    locale = env.get("preferences").as(Preferences).locale
-    preferences = env.get("preferences").as(Preferences)
-
-    user = env.get? "user"
-    sid = env.get? "sid"
-    referer = get_referer(env)
-
-    if !user
-      return env.redirect referer
-    end
-
-    user = user.as(User)
-
-    po_token, visitor_data = Tokens.generate_tokens(user.email)
-
-    if po_token.nil? || visitor_data.nil?
-      return error_template(500, "Internal server error. Please submit an issue here IF THE ISSUE PERSISTS: https://git.nadeko.net/Fijxu/invidious/issues")
-    end
-
-    user.preferences.po_token = po_token
-    user.preferences.visitor_data = visitor_data
-
-    Invidious::Database::Users.update_preferences(user)
-
-    REDIS_DB.del("invidious:#{user.email}:po_token")
-    REDIS_DB.del("invidious:#{user.email}:visitor_data")
-
-    templated "user/tokens"
-  end
 end

src/invidious/routes/api/manifest.cr

@@ -8,6 +8,11 @@ module Invidious::Routes::API::Manifest
     id = env.params.url["id"]
     region = env.params.query["region"]?
 
+    if CONFIG.invidious_companion.present?
+      invidious_companion = CONFIG.invidious_companion.sample
+      return env.redirect "#{invidious_companion.public_url}/api/manifest/dash/id/#{id}?#{env.params.query}"
+    end
+
     # Since some implementations create playlists based on resolution regardless of different codecs,
     # we can opt to only add a source to a representation if it has a unique height within that representation
     unique_res = env.params.query["unique_res"]?.try { |q| (q == "true" || q == "1").to_unsafe }
@@ -181,9 +186,8 @@ module Invidious::Routes::API::Manifest
     manifest = response.body
 
     if local
-      manifest = manifest.gsub(/^https:\/\/[^\n"]*/m) do |match|
+      manifest = manifest.gsub(/^https:\/\/\w+---.{11}\.c\.youtube\.com[^\n]*/m) do |match|
-        uri = URI.parse(match)
+        path = URI.parse(match).path
-        path = uri.path
 
         path = path.lchop("/videoplayback/")
         path = path.rchop("/")
@@ -212,14 +216,20 @@ module Invidious::Routes::API::Manifest
           raw_params["fvip"] = fvip["fvip"]
         end
 
-        raw_params["host"] = uri.host.not_nil!
+        raw_params["local"] = "true"
 
         proxy = Invidious::HttpServer::Utils.get_external_proxy
 
+        if CONFIG.https_only
+          scheme = "https://"
+        else
+          scheme = "http://"
+        end
+
         if !proxy.empty?
           "#{proxy}/videoplayback?#{raw_params}"
         else
-          "#{HOST_URL}/videoplayback?#{raw_params}"
+          "#{scheme}#{env.request.headers["Host"]}/videoplayback?#{raw_params}"
         end
       end
     end
@@ -243,7 +253,12 @@ module Invidious::Routes::API::Manifest
     manifest = response.body
 
     if local
-      manifest = manifest.gsub("https://www.youtube.com", HOST_URL)
+      if CONFIG.https_only
+        scheme = "https://"
+      else
+        scheme = "http://"
+      end
+      manifest = manifest.gsub("https://www.youtube.com", "#{scheme}#{env.request.headers["Host"]}")
       manifest = manifest.gsub("index.m3u8", "index.m3u8?local=true")
     end
 

src/invidious/routes/api/v1/authenticated.cr

@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ module Invidious::Routes::API::V1::Authenticated
     end
 
     playlist = create_playlist(title, privacy, user)
-    env.response.headers["Location"] = "#{HOST_URL}/api/v1/auth/playlists/#{playlist.id}"
+    env.response.headers["Location"] = "#{env.request.headers["Host"]}/api/v1/auth/playlists/#{playlist.id}"
     env.response.status_code = 201
     {
       "title"      => title,

src/invidious/routes/api/v1/channels.cr

@@ -197,6 +197,7 @@ module Invidious::Routes::API::V1::Channels
     get_channel()
 
     # Retrieve continuation from URL parameters
+    sort_by = env.params.query["sort_by"]?.try &.downcase || "newest"
     continuation = env.params.query["continuation"]?
 
     if channel.is_age_gated
@@ -211,7 +212,7 @@ module Invidious::Routes::API::V1::Channels
     else
       begin
         videos, next_continuation = Channel::Tabs.get_shorts(
-          channel, continuation: continuation
+          channel, continuation: continuation, sort_by: sort_by
         )
       rescue ex
         return error_json(500, ex)

src/invidious/routes/api/v1/search.cr

@@ -31,9 +31,7 @@ module Invidious::Routes::API::V1::Search
     query = env.params.query["q"]? || ""
 
     begin
-      client = HTTP::Client.new("suggestqueries-clients6.youtube.com")
+      client = make_client(URI.parse("https://suggestqueries-clients6.youtube.com"), force_youtube_headers: true)
-      client.before_request { |r| add_yt_headers(r) }
-
       url = "/complete/search?client=youtube&hl=en&gl=#{region}&q=#{URI.encode_www_form(query)}&gs_ri=youtube&ds=yt"
 
       response = client.get(url).body

src/invidious/routes/before_all.cr

@@ -20,12 +20,25 @@ module Invidious::Routes::BeforeAll
     env.response.headers["X-XSS-Protection"] = "1; mode=block"
     env.response.headers["X-Content-Type-Options"] = "nosniff"
 
+    extra_media_csp = ""
+    extra_connect_csp = ""
+
+    if CONFIG.invidious_companion.present?
+      extra_media_csp = " #{CONFIG.invidious_companion.sample.public_url}"
+      extra_connect_csp = " #{CONFIG.invidious_companion.sample.public_url}"
+    end
+
+    if !CONFIG.external_videoplayback_proxy.empty?
+      CONFIG.external_videoplayback_proxy.each do |proxy|
+        extra_media_csp += " #{proxy}"
+        extra_connect_csp += " #{proxy}"
+      end
+    end
+
     # Allow media resources to be loaded from google servers
     # TODO: check if *.youtube.com can be removed
     if CONFIG.disabled?("local") || !preferences.local
-      extra_media_csp = " https://*.googlevideo.com:443 https://*.youtube.com:443"
+      extra_media_csp += " https://*.googlevideo.com:443 https://*.youtube.com:443"
-    else
-      extra_media_csp = ""
     end
 
     # Only allow the pages at /embed/* to be embedded
@@ -43,9 +56,9 @@ module Invidious::Routes::BeforeAll
       "style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'",
       "img-src 'self' data:",
       "font-src 'self' data:",
-      "connect-src 'self'" + EXT_VIDEOP_LIST,
+      "connect-src 'self'" + extra_connect_csp,
       "manifest-src 'self'",
-      "media-src 'self' blob:" + extra_media_csp + EXT_VIDEOP_LIST,
+      "media-src 'self' blob:" + extra_media_csp,
       "child-src 'self' blob:",
       "frame-src 'self'",
       "frame-ancestors " + frame_ancestors,

src/invidious/routes/channels.cr

@@ -20,10 +20,11 @@ module Invidious::Routes::Channels
     sort_by = env.params.query["sort_by"]?.try &.downcase
 
     if channel.auto_generated
+      sort_by ||= "last"
       sort_options = {"last", "oldest", "newest"}
 
       items, next_continuation = fetch_channel_playlists(
-        channel.ucid, channel.author, continuation, (sort_by || "last")
+        channel.ucid, channel.author, continuation, sort_by
       )
 
       items.uniq! do |item|
@@ -49,9 +50,11 @@ module Invidious::Routes::Channels
         end
         next_continuation = nil
       else
+        sort_by ||= "newest"
         sort_options = {"newest", "oldest", "popular"}
-        items, next_continuation = Channel::Tabs.get_videos(
+
-          channel, continuation: continuation, sort_by: (sort_by || "newest")
+        items, next_continuation = Channel::Tabs.get_60_videos(
+          channel, continuation: continuation, sort_by: sort_by
         )
       end
     end
@@ -82,13 +85,12 @@ module Invidious::Routes::Channels
       end
       next_continuation = nil
     else
-      # TODO: support sort option for shorts
+      sort_by = env.params.query["sort_by"]?.try &.downcase || "newest"
-      sort_by = ""
+      sort_options = {"newest", "oldest", "popular"}
-      sort_options = [] of String
 
       # Fetch items and continuation token
       items, next_continuation = Channel::Tabs.get_shorts(
-        channel, continuation: continuation
+        channel, continuation: continuation, sort_by: sort_by
       )
     end
 

src/invidious/routes/feeds.cr

@@ -416,18 +416,22 @@ module Invidious::Routes::Feeds
         author = entry.xpath_node("default:author/default:name", namespaces).not_nil!.content
         published = Time.parse_rfc3339(entry.xpath_node("default:published", namespaces).not_nil!.content)
         updated = Time.parse_rfc3339(entry.xpath_node("default:updated", namespaces).not_nil!.content)
+        ucid = entry.xpath_node("yt:channelId", namespaces).not_nil!.content
+        title = entry.xpath_node("default:title", namespaces).not_nil!.content
 
-        begin
+        if CONFIG.use_innertube_for_feeds
-          video = get_video(id, force_refresh: true)
+          begin
-        rescue
+            video_ = get_video(id, force_refresh: true)
-          next # skip this video since it raised an exception (e.g. it is a scheduled live event)
+          rescue
+            next # skip this video since it raised an exception (e.g. it is a scheduled live event)
+          end
         end
 
         if CONFIG.enable_user_notifications
           # Deliver notifications to `/api/v1/auth/notifications`
           payload = {
-            "topic"     => video.ucid,
+            "topic"     => ucid,
-            "videoId"   => video.id,
+            "videoId"   => id,
             "published" => published.to_unix,
           }.to_json
           PG_DB.exec("NOTIFY notifications, E'#{payload}'")
@@ -435,15 +439,15 @@ module Invidious::Routes::Feeds
 
         video = ChannelVideo.new({
           id:                 id,
-          title:              video.title,
+          title:              title,
           published:          published,
           updated:            updated,
-          ucid:               video.ucid,
+          ucid:               ucid,
           author:             author,
-          length_seconds:     video.length_seconds,
+          length_seconds:     video_.try &.length_seconds || 0,
-          live_now:           video.live_now,
+          live_now:           video_.try &.live_now || false,
-          premiere_timestamp: video.premiere_timestamp,
+          premiere_timestamp: video_.try &.premiere_timestamp || nil,
-          views:              video.views,
+          views:              video_.try &.views || nil,
         })
 
         was_insert = Invidious::Database::ChannelVideos.insert(video, with_premiere_timestamp: true)

src/invidious/routes/login.cr

@@ -64,6 +64,8 @@ module Invidious::Routes::Login
           # TOR or I2P address
           if alt = CONFIG.alternative_domains.index(env.request.headers["Host"])
             env.response.cookies["SID"] = Invidious::User::Cookies.sid(CONFIG.alternative_domains[alt], sid)
+          elsif alt = CONFIG.backend_domains.index(env.request.headers["Host"])
+            env.response.cookies["SID"] = Invidious::User::Cookies.sid(CONFIG.backend_domains[alt], sid)
           else
             env.response.cookies["SID"] = Invidious::User::Cookies.sid(CONFIG.domain, sid)
           end
@@ -170,6 +172,8 @@ module Invidious::Routes::Login
         # TOR or I2P address
         if alt = CONFIG.alternative_domains.index(env.request.headers["Host"])
           env.response.cookies["SID"] = Invidious::User::Cookies.sid(CONFIG.alternative_domains[alt], sid)
+        elsif alt = CONFIG.backend_domains.index(env.request.headers["Host"])
+          env.response.cookies["SID"] = Invidious::User::Cookies.sid(CONFIG.backend_domains[alt], sid)
         else
           env.response.cookies["SID"] = Invidious::User::Cookies.sid(CONFIG.domain, sid)
         end

src/invidious/routes/preferences.cr

@@ -86,12 +86,6 @@ module Invidious::Routes::PreferencesRoute
     show_nick ||= "off"
     show_nick = show_nick == "on"
 
-    po_token = env.params.body["po_token"]?.try &.as(String)
-    po_token ||= CONFIG.default_user_preferences.po_token
-
-    visitor_data = env.params.body["visitor_data"]?.try &.as(String)
-    visitor_data ||= CONFIG.default_user_preferences.visitor_data
-
     comments = [] of String
     2.times do |i|
       comments << (env.params.body["comments[#{i}]"]?.try &.as(String) || CONFIG.default_user_preferences.comments[i])
@@ -186,8 +180,6 @@ module Invidious::Routes::PreferencesRoute
       vr_mode:                     vr_mode,
       show_nick:                   show_nick,
       save_player_pos:             save_player_pos,
-      po_token:                    po_token,
-      visitor_data:                visitor_data,
     }.to_json)
 
     if user = env.get? "user"
@@ -236,6 +228,8 @@ module Invidious::Routes::PreferencesRoute
       # TOR or I2P address
       if alt = CONFIG.alternative_domains.index(env.request.headers["Host"])
         env.response.cookies["PREFS"] = Invidious::User::Cookies.prefs(CONFIG.alternative_domains[alt], preferences)
+      elsif alt = CONFIG.backend_domains.index(env.request.headers["Host"])
+        env.response.cookies["PREFS"] = Invidious::User::Cookies.prefs(CONFIG.backend_domains[alt], preferences)
       else
         env.response.cookies["PREFS"] = Invidious::User::Cookies.prefs(CONFIG.domain, preferences)
       end
@@ -277,6 +271,8 @@ module Invidious::Routes::PreferencesRoute
       # TOR or I2P address
       if alt = CONFIG.alternative_domains.index(env.request.headers["Host"])
         env.response.cookies["PREFS"] = Invidious::User::Cookies.prefs(CONFIG.alternative_domains[alt], preferences)
+      elsif alt = CONFIG.backend_domains.index(env.request.headers["Host"])
+        env.response.cookies["PREFS"] = Invidious::User::Cookies.prefs(CONFIG.backend_domains[alt], preferences)
       else
         env.response.cookies["PREFS"] = Invidious::User::Cookies.prefs(CONFIG.domain, preferences)
       end

src/invidious/routes/switch_backend.cr

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-{% skip_file if flag?(:api_only) %}
-
-module Invidious::Routes::BackendSwitcher
-  def self.switch(env)
-    referer = get_referer(env)
-    backend_id = env.params.query["backend_id"]
-
-    # Checks if there is any alternative domain, like a second domain name,
-    # TOR or I2P address
-    if alt = CONFIG.alternative_domains.index(env.request.headers["Host"])
-      env.response.cookies["SERVER_ID"] = Invidious::User::Cookies.server_id(CONFIG.alternative_domains[alt], backend_id)
-    else
-      env.response.cookies["SERVER_ID"] = Invidious::User::Cookies.server_id(CONFIG.domain, backend_id)
-    end
-
-    env.redirect referer
-  end
-end

src/invidious/routes/video_playback.cr

@@ -47,11 +47,7 @@ module Invidious::Routes::VideoPlayback
       headers["Range"] = "bytes=#{range_for_head}"
     end
 
-    headers["Origin"] = "https://www.youtube.com"
+    client = make_client(URI.parse(host), region, force_resolve: true)
-    headers["Referer"] = "https://www.youtube.com/"
-    headers["User-Agent"] = "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/129.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
-
-    client = make_client(URI.parse(host), region, force_resolve = true)
     response = HTTP::Client::Response.new(500)
     error = ""
     5.times do
@@ -66,7 +62,7 @@ module Invidious::Routes::VideoPlayback
           if new_host != host
             host = new_host
             client.close
-            client = make_client(URI.parse(new_host), region, force_resolve = true)
+            client = make_client(URI.parse(new_host), region, force_resolve: true)
           end
 
           url = "#{location.request_target}&host=#{location.host}#{region ? "&region=#{region}" : ""}"
@@ -80,7 +76,7 @@ module Invidious::Routes::VideoPlayback
         fvip = "3"
 
         host = "https://r#{fvip}---#{mn}.googlevideo.com"
-        client = make_client(URI.parse(host), region, force_resolve = true)
+        client = make_client(URI.parse(host), region, force_resolve: true)
       rescue ex
         error = ex.message
       end
@@ -205,7 +201,7 @@ module Invidious::Routes::VideoPlayback
             break
           else
             client.close
-            client = make_client(URI.parse(host), region, force_resolve = true)
+            client = make_client(URI.parse(host), region, force_resolve: true)
           end
         end
 
@@ -262,6 +258,11 @@ module Invidious::Routes::VideoPlayback
   # YouTube /videoplayback links expire after 6 hours,
   # so we have a mechanism here to redirect to the latest version
   def self.latest_version(env)
+    if CONFIG.invidious_companion.present?
+      invidious_companion = CONFIG.invidious_companion.sample
+      return env.redirect "#{invidious_companion.public_url}/latest_version?#{env.params.query}"
+    end
+
     id = env.params.query["id"]?
     itag = env.params.query["itag"]?.try &.to_i?
 

src/invidious/routes/watch.cr

@@ -3,14 +3,6 @@
 module Invidious::Routes::Watch
   def self.handle(env)
     locale = env.get("preferences").as(Preferences).locale
-    if !CONFIG.ignore_user_tokens
-      user_po_token = env.get("preferences").as(Preferences).po_token
-      user_visitor_data = env.get("preferences").as(Preferences).visitor_data
-    else
-      user_po_token = ""
-      user_visitor_data = ""
-    end
-
     region = env.params.query["region"]?
 
     if env.params.query.to_s.includes?("%20") || env.params.query.to_s.includes?("+")
@@ -60,7 +52,7 @@ module Invidious::Routes::Watch
     env.params.query.delete_all("listen")
 
     begin
-      video = get_video(id, region: params.region, po_token: user_po_token, visitor_data: user_visitor_data)
+      video = get_video(id, region: params.region)
     rescue ex : NotFoundException
       LOGGER.error("get_video not found: #{id} : #{ex.message}")
       return error_template(404, ex)
@@ -152,6 +144,7 @@ module Invidious::Routes::Watch
       end
     end
 
+    # Removes non default audio tracks
     audio_streams.reject! do |z|
       z if z.dig?("audioTrack", "audioIsDefault") == false
     end
@@ -218,6 +211,12 @@ module Invidious::Routes::Watch
       captions: video.captions
     )
 
+    begin
+      video_url = fmt_stream[0]["url"].to_s
+    rescue
+      video_url = nil
+    end
+
     templated "watch"
   end
 
@@ -348,14 +347,18 @@ module Invidious::Routes::Watch
       env.params.query["label"] = URI.decode_www_form(label.as_s)
 
       return Invidious::Routes::API::V1::Videos.captions(env)
-    elsif itag = download_widget["itag"]?.try &.as_i
+    elsif itag = download_widget["itag"]?.try &.as_i.to_s
       # URL params specific to /latest_version
       env.params.query["id"] = video_id
-      env.params.query["itag"] = itag.to_s
       env.params.query["title"] = filename
       env.params.query["local"] = "true"
 
-      return Invidious::Routes::VideoPlayback.latest_version(env)
+      if (CONFIG.invidious_companion.present?)
+        video = get_video(video_id)
+        return env.redirect "#{video.invidious_companion["baseUrl"].as_s}/latest_version?#{env.params.query}"
+      else
+        return Invidious::Routes::VideoPlayback.latest_version(env)
+      end
     else
       return error_template(400, "Invalid label or itag")
     end

src/invidious/routing.cr

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ module Invidious::Routing
       get "/privacy", Routes::Misc, :privacy
       get "/licenses", Routes::Misc, :licenses
       get "/redirect", Routes::Misc, :cross_instance_redirect
-      get "/switchbackend", Routes::BackendSwitcher, :switch
 
       self.register_channel_routes
       self.register_watch_routes
@@ -77,7 +76,6 @@ module Invidious::Routing
     post "/authorize_token", Routes::Account, :post_authorize_token
     get "/token_manager", Routes::Account, :token_manager
     post "/token_ajax", Routes::Account, :token_ajax
-    get "/generate_tokens", Routes::Account, :generate_tokens
     post "/subscription_ajax", Routes::Subscriptions, :toggle_subscription
     get "/subscription_manager", Routes::Subscriptions, :subscription_manager
   end
@@ -245,17 +243,16 @@ module Invidious::Routing
 
       # Channels
       get "/api/v1/channels/:ucid", {{namespace}}::Channels, :home
+      get "/api/v1/channels/:ucid/latest", {{namespace}}::Channels, :latest
+      get "/api/v1/channels/:ucid/videos", {{namespace}}::Channels, :videos
       get "/api/v1/channels/:ucid/shorts", {{namespace}}::Channels, :shorts
       get "/api/v1/channels/:ucid/streams", {{namespace}}::Channels, :streams
       get "/api/v1/channels/:ucid/podcasts", {{namespace}}::Channels, :podcasts
       get "/api/v1/channels/:ucid/releases", {{namespace}}::Channels, :releases
-
+      get "/api/v1/channels/:ucid/playlists", {{namespace}}::Channels, :playlists
+      get "/api/v1/channels/:ucid/community", {{namespace}}::Channels, :community
       get "/api/v1/channels/:ucid/channels", {{namespace}}::Channels, :channels
-
+      get "/api/v1/channels/:ucid/search", {{namespace}}::Channels, :search
-      {% for route in {"videos", "latest", "playlists", "community", "search"} %}
-        get "/api/v1/channels/#{{{route}}}/:ucid", {{namespace}}::Channels, :{{route}}
-        get "/api/v1/channels/:ucid/#{{{route}}}", {{namespace}}::Channels, :{{route}}
-      {% end %}
 
       # Posts
       get "/api/v1/post/:id", {{namespace}}::Channels, :post
@@ -273,11 +270,6 @@ module Invidious::Routing
 
       # Authenticated
 
-      # The notification APIs cannot be extracted yet! They require the *local* notifications constant defined in invidious.cr
-      #
-      # Invidious::Routing.get "/api/v1/auth/notifications", {{namespace}}::Authenticated, :notifications
-      # Invidious::Routing.post "/api/v1/auth/notifications", {{namespace}}::Authenticated, :notifications
-
       get "/api/v1/auth/preferences", {{namespace}}::Authenticated, :get_preferences
       post "/api/v1/auth/preferences", {{namespace}}::Authenticated, :set_preferences
 

src/invidious/user/cookies.cr

@@ -45,18 +45,5 @@ struct Invidious::User
         samesite: HTTP::Cookie::SameSite::Lax
       )
     end
-
-    # Server ID (SERVER_ID) cookie used for Sticky Sessions
-    # Parameter "domain" comes from the global config
-    def server_id(domain : String?, server_id) : HTTP::Cookie
-      return HTTP::Cookie.new(
-        name: "SERVER_ID",
-        domain: domain,
-        value: server_id,
-        secure: false,
-        http_only: true,
-        samesite: HTTP::Cookie::SameSite::Lax
-      )
-    end
   end
 end

src/invidious/user/preferences.cr

@@ -57,10 +57,6 @@ struct Preferences
   property volume : Int32 = CONFIG.default_user_preferences.volume
   property save_player_pos : Bool = CONFIG.default_user_preferences.save_player_pos
 
-  @[YAML::Field(converter: Preferences::ProcessString)]
-  property po_token : String = ""
-  property visitor_data : String = ""
-
   module BoolToString
     def self.to_json(value : String, json : JSON::Builder)
       json.string value

src/invidious/videos.cr

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ struct Video
   # NOTE: don't forget to bump this number if any change is made to
   # the `params` structure in videos/parser.cr!!!
   #
-  SCHEMA_VERSION = 2
+  SCHEMA_VERSION = 3
 
   property id : String
 
@@ -192,6 +192,10 @@ struct Video
     }
   end
 
+  def invidious_companion : Hash(String, JSON::Any)?
+    info["invidiousCompanion"]?.try &.as_h || {} of String => JSON::Any
+  end
+
   # Macros defining getters/setters for various types of data
 
   private macro getset_string(name)
@@ -294,7 +298,7 @@ struct Video
   predicate_bool upcoming, isUpcoming
 end
 
-def get_video(id, refresh = true, region = nil, force_refresh = false, po_token = "", visitor_data = "")
+def get_video(id, refresh = true, region = nil, force_refresh = false)
   if (video = Invidious::Database::Videos.select(id)) && !region
     # If record was last updated over 10 minutes ago, or video has since premiered,
     # refresh (expire param in response lasts for 6 hours)
@@ -304,7 +308,7 @@ def get_video(id, refresh = true, region = nil, force_refresh = false, po_token
        force_refresh ||
        video.schema_version != Video::SCHEMA_VERSION # cache control
       begin
-        video = fetch_video(id, region, po_token, visitor_data)
+        video = fetch_video(id, region)
         Invidious::Database::Videos.insert(video)
       rescue ex
         Invidious::Database::Videos.delete(id)
@@ -312,7 +316,7 @@ def get_video(id, refresh = true, region = nil, force_refresh = false, po_token
       end
     end
   else
-    video = fetch_video(id, region, po_token, visitor_data)
+    video = fetch_video(id, region)
     Invidious::Database::Videos.insert(video) if !region
   end
 
@@ -320,11 +324,11 @@ def get_video(id, refresh = true, region = nil, force_refresh = false, po_token
 rescue DB::Error
   # Avoid common `DB::PoolRetryAttemptsExceeded` error and friends
   # Note: All DB errors inherit from `DB::Error`
-  return fetch_video(id, region, po_token, visitor_data)
+  return fetch_video(id, region)
 end
 
-def fetch_video(id, region, po_token, visitor_data)
+def fetch_video(id, region)
-  info = extract_video_info(video_id: id, user_po_token: po_token, user_visitor_data: visitor_data)
+  info = extract_video_info(video_id: id)
 
   if reason = info["reason"]?
     if reason == "Video unavailable"

src/invidious/videos/parser.cr

@@ -50,17 +50,12 @@ def parse_related_video(related : JSON::Any) : Hash(String, JSON::Any)?
   }
 end
 
-def extract_video_info(video_id : String, user_po_token, user_visitor_data)
+def extract_video_info(video_id : String)
   # Init client config for the API
   client_config = YoutubeAPI::ClientConfig.new
 
-  redis_po_token, redis_visitor_data = Tokens.get_tokens
-
-  po_token = (user_po_token if !user_po_token.empty?) || redis_po_token || CONFIG.po_token
-  visitor_data = (user_visitor_data if !user_visitor_data.empty?) || redis_visitor_data || CONFIG.visitor_data
-
   # Fetch data from the player endpoint
-  player_response = YoutubeAPI.player(video_id: video_id, params: "2AMB", client_config: client_config, po_token: po_token, visitor_data: visitor_data)
+  player_response = YoutubeAPI.player(video_id: video_id, params: "2AMB", client_config: client_config)
 
   playability_status = player_response.dig?("playabilityStatus", "status").try &.as_s
 
@@ -105,39 +100,32 @@ def extract_video_info(video_id : String, user_po_token, user_visitor_data)
   params = parse_video_info(video_id, player_response)
   params["reason"] = JSON::Any.new(reason) if reason
 
-  new_player_response = nil
+  if CONFIG.invidious_companion.present?
+    new_player_response = nil
 
-  # Don't use Android client if po_token is passed because po_token doesn't
+    # Don't use Android test suite client if po_token is passed because po_token doesn't
-  # work for Android client.
+    # work for Android test suite client.
-  if reason.nil? && po_token.nil?
+    if reason.nil? && CONFIG.po_token.nil?
-    # Fetch the video streams using an Android client in order to get the
+      # Fetch the video streams using an Android client in order to get the
-    # decrypted URLs and maybe fix throttling issues (#2194). See the
+      # decrypted URLs and maybe fix throttling issues (#2194). See the
-    # following issue for an explanation about decrypted URLs:
+      # following issue for an explanation about decrypted URLs:
-    # https://github.com/TeamNewPipe/NewPipeExtractor/issues/562
+      # https://github.com/TeamNewPipe/NewPipeExtractor/issues/562
-    client_config.client_type = YoutubeAPI::ClientType::AndroidTestSuite
+      client_config.client_type = YoutubeAPI::ClientType::AndroidTestSuite
-    new_player_response = try_fetch_streaming_data(video_id, client_config, po_token, visitor_data)
+      new_player_response = try_fetch_streaming_data(video_id, client_config)
+    end
+
+    # Replace player response and reset reason
+    if !new_player_response.nil?
+      # Preserve captions & storyboard data before replacement
+      new_player_response["storyboards"] = player_response["storyboards"] if player_response["storyboards"]?
+      new_player_response["captions"] = player_response["captions"] if player_response["captions"]?
+
+      player_response = new_player_response
+      params.delete("reason")
+    end
   end
 
-  # Last hope
+  {"captions", "playabilityStatus", "playerConfig", "storyboards", "invidiousCompanion"}.each do |f|
-  # Only trigger if reason found and po_token or didn't work wth Android client.
-  # TvHtml5ScreenEmbed now requires sig helper for it to work but po_token is not required
-  # if the IP address is not blocked.
-  if po_token.nil? && reason || po_token.nil? && new_player_response.nil?
-    client_config.client_type = YoutubeAPI::ClientType::TvHtml5ScreenEmbed
-    new_player_response = try_fetch_streaming_data(video_id, client_config, po_token, visitor_data)
-  end
-
-  # Replace player response and reset reason
-  if !new_player_response.nil?
-    # Preserve captions & storyboard data before replacement
-    new_player_response["storyboards"] = player_response["storyboards"] if player_response["storyboards"]?
-    new_player_response["captions"] = player_response["captions"] if player_response["captions"]?
-
-    player_response = new_player_response
-    params.delete("reason")
-  end
-
-  {"captions", "playabilityStatus", "playerConfig", "storyboards"}.each do |f|
     params[f] = player_response[f] if player_response[f]?
   end
 
@@ -145,7 +133,7 @@ def extract_video_info(video_id : String, user_po_token, user_visitor_data)
   if streaming_data = player_response["streamingData"]?
     %w[formats adaptiveFormats].each do |key|
       streaming_data.as_h[key]?.try &.as_a.each do |format|
-        format.as_h["url"] = JSON::Any.new(convert_url(format, po_token))
+        format.as_h["url"] = JSON::Any.new(convert_url(format))
       end
     end
 
@@ -158,9 +146,9 @@ def extract_video_info(video_id : String, user_po_token, user_visitor_data)
   return params
 end
 
-def try_fetch_streaming_data(id : String, client_config : YoutubeAPI::ClientConfig, po_token, visitor_data) : Hash(String, JSON::Any)?
+def try_fetch_streaming_data(id : String, client_config : YoutubeAPI::ClientConfig) : Hash(String, JSON::Any)?
   LOGGER.debug("try_fetch_streaming_data: [#{id}] Using #{client_config.client_type} client.")
-  response = YoutubeAPI.player(video_id: id, params: "2AMB", client_config: client_config, po_token: po_token, visitor_data: visitor_data)
+  response = YoutubeAPI.player(video_id: id, params: "2AMB", client_config: client_config)
 
   playability_status = response["playabilityStatus"]["status"]
   LOGGER.debug("try_fetch_streaming_data: [#{id}] Got playabilityStatus == #{playability_status}.")
@@ -229,8 +217,17 @@ def parse_video_info(video_id : String, player_response : Hash(String, JSON::Any
   premiere_timestamp = microformat.dig?("liveBroadcastDetails", "startTimestamp")
     .try { |t| Time.parse_rfc3339(t.as_s) }
 
+  premiere_timestamp ||= player_response.dig?(
+    "playabilityStatus", "liveStreamability",
+    "liveStreamabilityRenderer", "offlineSlate",
+    "liveStreamOfflineSlateRenderer", "scheduledStartTime"
+  )
+    .try &.as_s.to_i64
+      .try { |t| Time.unix(t) }
+
   live_now = microformat.dig?("liveBroadcastDetails", "isLiveNow")
-    .try &.as_bool || false
+    .try &.as_bool
+  live_now ||= video_details.dig?("isLive").try &.as_bool || false
 
   post_live_dvr = video_details.dig?("isPostLiveDvr")
     .try &.as_bool || false
@@ -460,7 +457,7 @@ def parse_video_info(video_id : String, player_response : Hash(String, JSON::Any
   return params
 end
 
-private def convert_url(fmt, po_token)
+private def convert_url(fmt)
   if cfr = fmt["signatureCipher"]?.try { |json| HTTP::Params.parse(json.as_s) }
     sp = cfr["sp"]
     url = URI.parse(cfr["url"])
@@ -478,9 +475,7 @@ private def convert_url(fmt, po_token)
   n = DECRYPT_FUNCTION.try &.decrypt_nsig(params["n"])
   params["n"] = n if n
 
-  if !po_token.nil?
+  if token = CONFIG.po_token
-    params["pot"] = po_token
-  elsif token = CONFIG.po_token
     params["pot"] = token
   end
 

src/invidious/views/channel.ecr

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
   ucid = channel.ucid
   author = HTML.escape(channel.author)
   channel_profile_pic = URI.parse(channel.author_thumbnail).request_target
+  host = env.request.headers["Host"]
 
   relative_url =
     case selected_tab
@@ -28,15 +29,15 @@
 <%- if selected_tab.videos? -%>
 <meta name="description" content="<%= channel.description %>">
 <meta property="og:site_name" content="Invidious">
-<meta property="og:url" content="<%= HOST_URL %>/channel/<%= ucid %>">
+<meta property="og:url" content="<%= host %>/channel/<%= ucid %>">
 <meta property="og:title" content="<%= author %>">
-<meta property="og:image" content="<%= HOST_URL %>/ggpht<%= channel_profile_pic %>">
+<meta property="og:image" content="<%= host %>/ggpht<%= channel_profile_pic %>">
 <meta property="og:description" content="<%= channel.description %>">
 <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
-<meta name="twitter:url" content="<%= HOST_URL %>/channel/<%= ucid %>">
+<meta name="twitter:url" content="<%= host %>/channel/<%= ucid %>">
 <meta name="twitter:title" content="<%= author %>">
 <meta name="twitter:description" content="<%= channel.description %>">
-<meta name="twitter:image" content="<%= HOST_URL %>/ggpht<%= channel_profile_pic %>">
+<meta name="twitter:image" content="<%= host %>/ggpht<%= channel_profile_pic %>">
 <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS" href="/feed/channel/<%= ucid %>" />
 <%- end -%>
 

src/invidious/views/components/player.ecr

@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
                audio_streams.each_with_index do |fmt, i|
                 src_url  = "/latest_version?id=#{video.id}&itag=#{fmt["itag"]}"
                 src_url += "&local=true" if params.local
+                src_url = video.invidious_companion["baseUrl"].as_s + src_url + 
+                            "&check=#{invidious_companion_encrypt(video.id)}" if (CONFIG.invidious_companion.present?)
 
                 bitrate = fmt["bitrate"]
                 mimetype = HTML.escape(fmt["mimeType"].as_s)
@@ -34,8 +36,12 @@
                 <% end %>
             <% end %>
         <% else %>
-            <% if params.quality == "dash" %>
+            <% if params.quality == "dash"
-                <source src="/api/manifest/dash/id/<%= video.id %>?local=true&unique_res=1" type='application/dash+xml' label="dash">
+               src_url = "/api/manifest/dash/id/" + video.id + "?local=true&unique_res=1"
+               src_url = video.invidious_companion["baseUrl"].as_s + src_url +
+                            "&check=#{invidious_companion_encrypt(video.id)}" if (CONFIG.invidious_companion.present?)
+            %>
+                <source src="<%= src_url %>" type='application/dash+xml' label="dash">
             <% end %>
 
             <%
@@ -44,6 +50,8 @@
             fmt_stream.each_with_index do |fmt, i|
                 src_url  = "/latest_version?id=#{video.id}&itag=#{fmt["itag"]}"
                 src_url += "&local=true" if params.local
+                src_url = video.invidious_companion["baseUrl"].as_s + src_url +
+                            "&check=#{invidious_companion_encrypt(video.id)}" if (CONFIG.invidious_companion.present?)
 
                 quality = fmt["quality"]
                 mimetype = HTML.escape(fmt["mimeType"].as_s)

src/invidious/views/template.ecr

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 <%
 	locale = env.get("preferences").as(Preferences).locale
 	dark_mode = env.get("preferences").as(Preferences).dark_mode
-	current_backend = env.request.cookies["SERVER_ID"]?.try &.value
+	current_backend = env.request.cookies[CONFIG.server_id_cookie_name]?.try &.value || env.request.headers["Host"]
+    current_external_videoplayback_proxy = Invidious::HttpServer::Utils.get_external_proxy()
 %>
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="<%= locale %>">
@@ -106,6 +107,7 @@
 				</div>
 
 				<% if !CONFIG.backends.empty? %>
+                <% if !CONFIG.backend_domains.includes?(env.request.headers["Host"]) %>
 				<div class="h-box">
 					<b>Switch Backend:</b>
 					<% CONFIG.backends.each do | backend | %>
@@ -128,6 +130,7 @@
                     <% end %>
 				</div>
 				<% end %>
+                <% end %>
 
 				<% if CONFIG.banner %>
 					<div class="h-box">
@@ -310,7 +313,10 @@
             </div>
             <hr/>
             <div class="footer-footer">
-			<div class="box">You are currently using Backend: <%= current_backend %></p>
+			<div class="box">You are currently using Backend: <%= current_backend %></div>
+            <% if !current_external_videoplayback_proxy.empty? %>
+            <div class="box">External Videoplayback Proxy: <%= current_external_videoplayback_proxy %></div>
+            <% end %>
                 <span class="left">
                     <% if CONFIG.modified_source_code_url %>
                         <%= translate(locale, "footer_current_version_modified") %>

src/invidious/views/user/preferences.ecr

@@ -126,24 +126,6 @@
                 <input name="save_player_pos" id="save_player_pos" type="checkbox" <% if preferences.save_player_pos %>checked<% end %>>
             </div>
 
-            <% if !CONFIG.ignore_user_tokens %>
-			<div class="pure-control-group">
-                <label for="po_token"><%= translate(locale, "preferences_po_token") %></label>
-                <input name="po_token" id="po_token" type="text" value="<%= preferences.po_token %>">
-            </div>
-
-			<div class="pure-control-group">
-                <label for="visitor_data"><%= translate(locale, "preferences_visitor_data") %></label>
-                <input name="visitor_data" id="visitor_data" type="text" value="<%= preferences.visitor_data %>">
-            </div>
-
-        <% if env.get?("user") %>
-			<div class="pure-control-group">
-				<a href="/generate_tokens?referer=<%= URI.encode_www_form(referer) %>"><%= translate(locale, "Generate po_token and visitor_data for your account") %></a>
-			</div>
-        <% end %>
-        <% end %>
-
             <legend><%= translate(locale, "preferences_category_visual") %></legend>
 
             <div class="pure-control-group">

src/invidious/views/user/tokens.ecr

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-<% content_for "header" do %>
-<title><%= translate(locale, "Invidious token generator") %> - Invidious</title>
-<% end %>
-
-<div class="pure-g">
-    <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-lg-1-5"></div>
-    <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-lg-3-5">
-        <div class="h-box">
-		<p>po_token and visitor_data successfully generated!</p>
-		<p>po_token: <%= po_token %></p>
-		<p>visitor_data: <%= visitor_data %></p>
-        </div>
-    </div>
-    <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-lg-1-5"></div>
-</div>

src/invidious/views/watch.ecr

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 <% ucid = video.ucid %>
 <% title = HTML.escape(video.title) %>
 <% author = HTML.escape(video.author) %>
+<% host = env.request.headers["Host"] %>
 
 
 <% content_for "header" do %>
@@ -8,22 +9,24 @@
 <meta name="description" content="<%= HTML.escape(video.short_description) %>">
 <meta name="keywords" content="<%= video.keywords.join(",") %>">
 <meta property="og:site_name" content="<%= author %> | Invidious">
-<meta property="og:url" content="<%= HOST_URL %>/watch?v=<%= video.id %>">
+<meta property="og:url" content="<%= host %>/watch?v=<%= video.id %>">
 <meta property="og:title" content="<%= title %>">
-<meta property="og:image" content="<%= HOST_URL %>/vi/<%= video.id %>/maxres.jpg">
+<meta property="og:image" content="<%= host %>/vi/<%= video.id %>/maxres.jpg">
 <meta property="og:description" content="<%= HTML.escape(video.short_description) %>">
 <meta property="og:type" content="video.other">
-<meta property="og:video:url" content="<%= HOST_URL %>/embed/<%= video.id %>">
+<!-- This shouldn't be empty, ever. -->
-<meta property="og:video:secure_url" content="<%= HOST_URL %>/embed/<%= video.id %>">
+<meta property="og:video" content="<%= video_url %>"> 
-<meta property="og:video:type" content="text/html">
+<meta property="og:video:url" content="<%= video_url %>">
-<meta property="og:video:width" content="1280">
+<meta property="og:video:secure_url" content="<%= video_url %>">
-<meta property="og:video:height" content="720">
+<meta property="og:video:type" content="video/mp4">
+<meta property="og:video:width" content="640">
+<meta property="og:video:height" content="360">
 <meta name="twitter:card" content="player">
-<meta name="twitter:url" content="<%= HOST_URL %>/watch?v=<%= video.id %>">
+<meta name="twitter:url" content="<%= host %>/watch?v=<%= video.id %>">
 <meta name="twitter:title" content="<%= title %>">
 <meta name="twitter:description" content="<%= HTML.escape(video.short_description) %>">
-<meta name="twitter:image" content="<%= HOST_URL %>/vi/<%= video.id %>/maxres.jpg">
+<meta name="twitter:image" content="<%= host %>/vi/<%= video.id %>/maxres.jpg">
-<meta name="twitter:player" content="<%= HOST_URL %>/embed/<%= video.id %>">
+<meta name="twitter:player" content="<%= host %>/embed/<%= video.id %>">
 <meta name="twitter:player:width" content="1280">
 <meta name="twitter:player:height" content="720">
 <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=<%= video.id %>">

src/invidious/yt_backend/connection_pool.cr

@@ -22,12 +22,8 @@ struct YoutubeConnectionPool
       response = yield conn
     rescue ex
       conn.close
+      conn = make_client(url, force_resolve: true)
 
-      conn = HTTP::Client.new(url)
-      conn.proxy = make_configured_http_proxy_client() if CONFIG.http_proxy
-      conn.family = CONFIG.force_resolve
-      conn.family = Socket::Family::INET if conn.family == Socket::Family::UNSPEC
-      conn.before_request { |r| add_yt_headers(r) } if url.host == "www.youtube.com"
       response = yield conn
     ensure
       pool.release(conn)
@@ -37,12 +33,15 @@ struct YoutubeConnectionPool
   end
 
   private def build_pool
-    DB::Pool(HTTP::Client).new(initial_pool_size: 0, max_pool_size: capacity, max_idle_pool_size: capacity, checkout_timeout: timeout) do
+    options = DB::Pool::Options.new(
-      conn = HTTP::Client.new(url)
+      initial_pool_size: 0,
-      conn.family = CONFIG.force_resolve
+      max_pool_size: capacity,
-      conn.family = Socket::Family::INET if conn.family == Socket::Family::UNSPEC
+      max_idle_pool_size: capacity,
-      conn.before_request { |r| add_yt_headers(r) } if url.host == "www.youtube.com"
+      checkout_timeout: timeout
-      conn
+    )
+
+    DB::Pool(HTTP::Client).new(options) do
+      next make_client(url, force_resolve: true)
     end
   end
 end
@@ -62,23 +61,25 @@ def add_yt_headers(request)
   end
 end
 
-def make_client(url : URI, region = nil, force_resolve : Bool = false)
+def make_client(url : URI, region = nil, force_resolve : Bool = false, force_youtube_headers : Bool = false, use_http_proxy : Bool = true)
   client = HTTP::Client.new(url)
+  client.proxy = make_configured_http_proxy_client() if CONFIG.http_proxy && use_http_proxy
 
   # Force the usage of a specific configured IP Family
   if force_resolve
     client.family = CONFIG.force_resolve
+    client.family = Socket::Family::INET if client.family == Socket::Family::UNSPEC
   end
 
-  client.before_request { |r| add_yt_headers(r) } if url.host == "www.youtube.com"
+  client.before_request { |r| add_yt_headers(r) } if url.host.try &.ends_with?("youtube.com") || force_youtube_headers
   client.read_timeout = 10.seconds
   client.connect_timeout = 10.seconds
 
   return client
 end
 
-def make_client(url : URI, region = nil, force_resolve : Bool = false, &)
+def make_client(url : URI, region = nil, force_resolve : Bool = false, use_http_proxy : Bool = true, &)
-  client = make_client(url, region, force_resolve)
+  client = make_client(url, region, force_resolve: force_resolve, use_http_proxy: use_http_proxy)
   begin
     yield client
   ensure

src/invidious/yt_backend/extractors.cr

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ private ITEM_PARSERS = {
   Parsers::ItemSectionRendererParser,
   Parsers::ContinuationItemRendererParser,
   Parsers::HashtagRendererParser,
+  Parsers::LockupViewModelParser,
 }
 
 private alias InitialData = Hash(String, JSON::Any)
@@ -467,9 +468,9 @@ private module Parsers
   # Parses an InnerTube richItemRenderer into a SearchVideo.
   # Returns nil when the given object isn't a RichItemRenderer
   #
-  # A richItemRenderer seems to be a simple wrapper for a videoRenderer, used
+  # A richItemRenderer seems to be a simple wrapper for a various other types,
-  # by the result page for hashtags and for the podcast tab on channels.
+  # used on the hashtags result page and the channel podcast tab. It is located
-  # It is located inside a continuationItems container for hashtags.
+  # itself inside a richGridRenderer container.
   #
   module RichItemRendererParser
     def self.process(item : JSON::Any, author_fallback : AuthorFallback)
@@ -482,6 +483,8 @@ private module Parsers
       child = VideoRendererParser.process(item_contents, author_fallback)
       child ||= ReelItemRendererParser.process(item_contents, author_fallback)
       child ||= PlaylistRendererParser.process(item_contents, author_fallback)
+      child ||= LockupViewModelParser.process(item_contents, author_fallback)
+      child ||= ShortsLockupViewModelParser.process(item_contents, author_fallback)
       return child
     end
 
@@ -496,6 +499,9 @@ private module Parsers
   # reelItemRenderer items are used in the new (2022) channel layout,
   # in the "shorts" tab.
   #
+  # NOTE: As of 10/2024, it might have been fully replaced by shortsLockupViewModel
+  # TODO: Confirm that hypothesis
+  #
   module ReelItemRendererParser
     def self.process(item : JSON::Any, author_fallback : AuthorFallback)
       if item_contents = item["reelItemRenderer"]?
@@ -582,6 +588,135 @@ private module Parsers
     end
   end
 
+  # Parses an InnerTube lockupViewModel into a SearchPlaylist.
+  # Returns nil when the given object is not a lockupViewModel.
+  #
+  # This structure is present since November 2024 on the "podcasts" and
+  # "playlists" tabs of the channel page. It is usually encapsulated in either
+  # a richItemRenderer or a richGridRenderer.
+  #
+  module LockupViewModelParser
+    def self.process(item : JSON::Any, author_fallback : AuthorFallback)
+      if item_contents = item["lockupViewModel"]?
+        return self.parse(item_contents, author_fallback)
+      end
+    end
+
+    private def self.parse(item_contents, author_fallback)
+      playlist_id = item_contents["contentId"].as_s
+
+      thumbnail_view_model = item_contents.dig(
+        "contentImage", "collectionThumbnailViewModel",
+        "primaryThumbnail", "thumbnailViewModel"
+      )
+
+      thumbnail = thumbnail_view_model.dig("image", "sources", 0, "url").as_s
+
+      # This complicated sequences tries to extract the following data structure:
+      # "overlays": [{
+      #   "thumbnailOverlayBadgeViewModel": {
+      #     "thumbnailBadges": [{
+      #       "thumbnailBadgeViewModel": {
+      #         "text": "430 episodes",
+      #         "badgeStyle": "THUMBNAIL_OVERLAY_BADGE_STYLE_DEFAULT"
+      #       }
+      #     }]
+      #   }
+      # }]
+      #
+      # NOTE: this simplistic `.to_i` conversion might not work on larger
+      # playlists and hasn't been tested.
+      video_count = thumbnail_view_model.dig("overlays").as_a
+        .compact_map(&.dig?("thumbnailOverlayBadgeViewModel", "thumbnailBadges").try &.as_a)
+        .flatten
+        .find(nil, &.dig?("thumbnailBadgeViewModel", "text").try { |node|
+          {"episodes", "videos"}.any? { |str| node.as_s.ends_with?(str) }
+        })
+        .try &.dig("thumbnailBadgeViewModel", "text").as_s.to_i(strict: false)
+
+      metadata = item_contents.dig("metadata", "lockupMetadataViewModel")
+      title = metadata.dig("title", "content").as_s
+
+      # TODO: Retrieve "updated" info from metadata parts
+      # rows = metadata.dig("metadata", "contentMetadataViewModel", "metadataRows").as_a
+      # parts_text = rows.map(&.dig?("metadataParts", "text", "content").try &.as_s)
+      # One of these parts should contain a string like: "Updated 2 days ago"
+
+      # TODO: Maybe add a button to access the first video of the playlist?
+      # item_contents.dig("rendererContext", "commandContext", "onTap", "innertubeCommand", "watchEndpoint")
+      # Available fields: "videoId", "playlistId", "params"
+
+      return SearchPlaylist.new({
+        title:           title,
+        id:              playlist_id,
+        author:          author_fallback.name,
+        ucid:            author_fallback.id,
+        video_count:     video_count || -1,
+        videos:          [] of SearchPlaylistVideo,
+        thumbnail:       thumbnail,
+        author_verified: false,
+      })
+    end
+
+    def self.parser_name
+      return {{@type.name}}
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Parses an InnerTube shortsLockupViewModel into a SearchVideo.
+  # Returns nil when the given object is not a shortsLockupViewModel.
+  #
+  # This structure is present since around October 2024 on the "shorts" tab of
+  # the channel page and likely replaces the reelItemRenderer structure. It is
+  # usually (always?) encapsulated in a richItemRenderer.
+  #
+  module ShortsLockupViewModelParser
+    def self.process(item : JSON::Any, author_fallback : AuthorFallback)
+      if item_contents = item["shortsLockupViewModel"]?
+        return self.parse(item_contents, author_fallback)
+      end
+    end
+
+    private def self.parse(item_contents, author_fallback)
+      # TODO: Maybe add support for "oardefault.jpg" thumbnails?
+      # thumbnail = item_contents.dig("thumbnail", "sources", 0, "url").as_s
+      # Gives: https://i.ytimg.com/vi/{video_id}/oardefault.jpg?...
+
+      video_id = item_contents.dig(
+        "onTap", "innertubeCommand", "reelWatchEndpoint", "videoId"
+      ).as_s
+
+      title = item_contents.dig("overlayMetadata", "primaryText", "content").as_s
+
+      view_count = short_text_to_number(
+        item_contents.dig("overlayMetadata", "secondaryText", "content").as_s
+      )
+
+      # Approximate to one minute, as "shorts" generally don't exceed that.
+      # NOTE: The actual duration is not provided by Youtube anymore.
+      # TODO: Maybe use -1 as an error value and handle that on the frontend?
+      duration = 60_i32
+
+      SearchVideo.new({
+        title:              title,
+        id:                 video_id,
+        author:             author_fallback.name,
+        ucid:               author_fallback.id,
+        published:          Time.unix(0),
+        views:              view_count,
+        description_html:   "",
+        length_seconds:     duration,
+        premiere_timestamp: Time.unix(0),
+        author_verified:    false,
+        badges:             VideoBadges::None,
+      })
+    end
+
+    def self.parser_name
+      return {{@type.name}}
+    end
+  end
+
   # Parses an InnerTube continuationItemRenderer into a Continuation.
   # Returns nil when the given object isn't a continuationItemRenderer.
   #

src/invidious/yt_backend/youtube_api.cr

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 #
 
 module YoutubeAPI
-  @@visitor_data : String = ""
-
   extend self
 
   # For Android versions, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_version_history
@@ -322,9 +320,7 @@ module YoutubeAPI
       client_context["client"]["platform"] = platform
     end
 
-    if !@@visitor_data.empty?
+    if CONFIG.visitor_data.is_a?(String)
-      client_context["client"]["visitorData"] = @@visitor_data
-    elsif CONFIG.visitor_data.is_a?(String)
       client_context["client"]["visitorData"] = CONFIG.visitor_data.as(String)
     end
 
@@ -460,12 +456,7 @@ module YoutubeAPI
     *, # Force the following parameters to be passed by name
     params : String,
     client_config : ClientConfig | Nil = nil,
-    po_token : String | Nil,
-    visitor_data : String | Nil,
   )
-    if visitor_data
-      @@visitor_data = visitor_data
-    end
     # Playback context, separate because it can be different between clients
     playback_ctx = {
       "html5Preference" => "HTML5_PREF_WANTS",
@@ -491,7 +482,7 @@ module YoutubeAPI
         "contentPlaybackContext" => playback_ctx,
       },
       "serviceIntegrityDimensions" => {
-        "poToken" => po_token || CONFIG.po_token,
+        "poToken" => CONFIG.po_token,
       },
     }
 
@@ -500,7 +491,11 @@ module YoutubeAPI
       data["params"] = params
     end
 
-    return self._post_json("/youtubei/v1/player", data, client_config)
+    if CONFIG.invidious_companion.present?
+      return self._post_invidious_companion("/youtubei/v1/player", data)
+    else
+      return self._post_json("/youtubei/v1/player", data, client_config)
+    end
   end
 
   ####################################################################
@@ -625,9 +620,7 @@ module YoutubeAPI
       headers["User-Agent"] = user_agent
     end
 
-    if !@@visitor_data.empty?
+    if CONFIG.visitor_data.is_a?(String)
-      headers["X-Goog-Visitor-Id"] = @@visitor_data
-    elsif CONFIG.visitor_data.is_a?(String)
       headers["X-Goog-Visitor-Id"] = CONFIG.visitor_data.as(String)
     end
 
@@ -639,6 +632,11 @@ module YoutubeAPI
     # Send the POST request
     body = YT_POOL.client() do |client|
       client.post(url, headers: headers, body: data.to_json) do |response|
+        if response.status_code != 200
+          raise InfoException.new("Error: non 200 status code. Youtube API returned \
+            status code #{response.status_code}. See <a href=\"https://docs.invidious.io/youtube-errors-explained/\"> \
+            https://docs.invidious.io/youtube-errors-explained/</a> for troubleshooting.")
+        end
         self._decompress(response.body_io, response.headers["Content-Encoding"]?)
       end
     end
@@ -663,6 +661,51 @@ module YoutubeAPI
     return initial_data
   end
 
+  ####################################################################
+  # _post_invidious_companion(endpoint, data)
+  #
+  # Internal function that does the actual request to Invidious companion
+  # and handles errors.
+  #
+  # The requested data is an endpoint (URL without the domain part)
+  # and the data as a Hash object.
+  #
+  def _post_invidious_companion(
+    endpoint : String,
+    data : Hash
+  ) : Hash(String, JSON::Any)
+    headers = HTTP::Headers{
+      "Content-Type"  => "application/json; charset=UTF-8",
+      "Authorization" => "Bearer #{CONFIG.invidious_companion_key}",
+    }
+
+    # Logging
+    LOGGER.debug("Invidious companion: Using endpoint: \"#{endpoint}\"")
+    LOGGER.trace("Invidious companion: POST data: #{data}")
+
+    # Send the POST request
+
+    begin
+      invidious_companion = CONFIG.invidious_companion.sample
+      response = make_client(invidious_companion.private_url, use_http_proxy: false,
+        &.post(endpoint, headers: headers, body: data.to_json))
+      body = response.body
+      if (response.status_code != 200)
+        raise Exception.new(
+          "Error while communicating with Invidious companion: \
+          status code: #{response.status_code} and body: #{body.dump}"
+        )
+      end
+    rescue ex
+      raise InfoException.new("Error while communicating with Invidious companion: " + (ex.message || "no extra info found"))
+    end
+
+    # Convert result to Hash
+    initial_data = JSON.parse(body).as_h
+
+    return initial_data
+  end
+
   ####################################################################
   # _decompress(body_io, headers)
   #